Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hoist'

English Word: hoist

Key Russian Translations:

• поднимать [pədˈnʲimatʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Used in everyday contexts like lifting objects]
• взять на борт [vzʲatʲ na bort] - [Verb, Formal, Used in nautical or technical contexts, e.g., hoisting sails or cargo]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, everyday, and nautical discussions, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "идти").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual usage; for 'взять на борт', it might be B2 due to idiomatic nautical phrasing).

Pronunciation (Russian):

поднимать: [pədˈnʲimatʲ]

Note on поднимать: The stress is on the second syllable ('nʲi'). Be careful with the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in fast speech may soften the vowels.

взять на борт: [vzʲatʲ na bort]

Note on взять на борт: Pronounce 'взʲ' as a soft 'v' followed by 'z', and 'бort' with a clear 'r' trill. This phrase is often spoken quickly in maritime contexts.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To lift or raise something physically (e.g., using a device or manually)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поднимать - Used in general, everyday situations, such as lifting weights or raising a flag.
• взять на борт - Used specifically in nautical or transportation contexts, like hoisting cargo onto a ship.

Usage Examples:

• Мы должны поднимать ящик осторожно, чтобы не повредить содержимое.

  We must hoist the box carefully so as not to damage the contents.

• Рабочие поднимать груз на крышу здания с помощью крана.

  Workers are hoisting the load onto the building's roof using a crane.

• Капитан приказал взять на борт паруса во время шторма.

  The captain ordered to hoist the sails during the storm.

• Поднимать флаг на мачте — это традиция в нашем клубе.

  Hoisting the flag on the mast is a tradition in our club.

Meaning 2: To elevate or increase something metaphorically (e.g., spirits or prices)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поднимать - Used in figurative contexts, such as boosting morale or raising prices.

Usage Examples:

• Его речь помогает поднимать дух команды перед матчем.

  His speech helps hoist the team's spirits before the match.

• Инфляция может поднимать цены на продукты быстро.

  Inflation can hoist product prices quickly.

• Поднимать настроение друзей — это важная часть дружбы.

  Hoisting friends' moods is an important part of friendship.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'поднимать', a verb of the first conjugation, it follows regular patterns with some irregularities in perfective aspects. The base form is imperfective.

For 'взять на борт', it's a phrase involving the verb 'взять' (perfective of 'брать'), which is irregular. It doesn't inflect as a single word but conjugates with 'взять': e.g., возьмём на борт (we will hoist). This phrase remains stable in most forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вздывать (to raise suddenly, often with more force)
  • подымать (a less formal variant of поднимать)
  • элевать (used in technical contexts, borrowed from English)
• Antonyms:
  • опускать (to lower)
  • спускать (to let down, especially in nautical contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Поднять якорь - To hoist the anchor (Used in sailing; refers to preparing to depart).
• Взять на руки - To hoist someone up (e.g., a child; literal or affectionate context).
• Поднимать настроение - To hoist/boost morale (Figurative; common in motivational talks).

Usage Notes:

'Поднимать' is the most direct equivalent to 'hoist' in general contexts and is versatile for both literal and metaphorical uses, but it doesn't carry the mechanical connotation of 'hoist' as strongly as English. For technical scenarios, 'взять на борт' is preferred in Russian maritime language. Always consider the formality: 'поднимать' is neutral, while 'взять на борт' is more formal. In sentences, ensure subject-verb agreement based on Russian grammar rules, as verbs conjugate by person and number. When choosing between translations, opt for 'поднимать' for everyday lifting and 'взять на борт' for specialized contexts like shipping.

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse 'поднимать' by forgetting to conjugate it properly, e.g., saying "Я поднимать" instead of "Я поднимаю". Correct: Always conjugate based on the subject (e.g., "Я поднимаю" for "I hoist").
• Confusing 'взять на борт' with 'взять на борт' in non-nautical contexts, leading to awkward phrasing. Error example: Using it for lifting a box ("Взять на борт ящик"), which sounds odd. Correct: Use 'поднимать ящик' instead, as 'взять на борт' is specific to boarding or hoisting aboard.
• Overlooking stress in pronunciation, e.g., stressing the wrong syllable in 'поднимать', which can change the perceived meaning or make it hard to understand.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like 'поднять тост' (to hoist a toast, meaning to propose a cheer) are common in social gatherings, reflecting a tradition of communal toasting during celebrations. This usage highlights the metaphorical aspect of 'hoist' in building camaraderie, often seen in literature and films depicting Russian feasts.

Related Concepts:

• опускать
• подъем
• кран (crane)
• яхта (yacht, in nautical contexts)