Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hasty'

English Word: hasty

Key Russian Translations:

• спешный [ˈspʲeʂnɨj] - [Adjective, Informal, Used in everyday contexts]
• поспешный [pɐˈspʲeʂnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal, Used in written or official language]
• торопливый [tɐˈroplʲivɨj] - [Adjective, Informal, Plural forms common in descriptions]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its variants are commonly encountered in Russian literature, conversations, and media, but not as ubiquitous as basic adjectives like "хороший" (good).)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; learners at this level can grasp the concept with practice, as it involves adjective agreement, but the nuances require familiarity with Russian cases and contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

спешный: [ˈspʲeʂnɨj]

поспешный: [pɐˈspʲeʂnɨj]

торопливый: [tɐˈroplʲivɨj]

Note on спешный: The 'ш' sound is a soft fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 'sh' in "she" but softer. Variations in stress may occur in rapid speech.

Note on поспешный: Pronounce the prefix 'по-' quickly to maintain the word's formal rhythm.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Done or acting with excessive speed or urgency, often implying carelessness.

Translation(s) & Context:

• спешный - Used in informal settings to describe quick actions, such as a hasty decision in daily life.
• поспешный - Applied in formal or professional contexts, like hasty legislation in legal discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Его спешное решение привело к ошибкам. (His hasty decision led to mistakes.)

  Translation: His hasty decision led to mistakes. (This example shows the adjective in a nominative context, emphasizing cause and effect.)

• В спешных ситуациях люди часто забывают о деталях. (In hasty situations, people often forget about details.)

  Translation: In hasty situations, people often forget about details. (Demonstrates use in plural or general statements.)

• Поспешный вывод может быть неверным. (A hasty conclusion can be incorrect.)

  Translation: A hasty conclusion can be incorrect. (Illustrates formal usage in analytical contexts.)

• Она приняла торопливое решение о переезде. (She made a hasty decision about moving.)

  Translation: She made a hasty decision about moving. (Shows the word in a personal, emotional context.)

Meaning 2: Characterized by rashness or impatience.

Translation(s) & Context:

• торопливый - Common in interpersonal descriptions, such as a hasty temper in arguments.
• спешный - Less formal, used for everyday impatience, like hasty eating.

Usage Examples:

• Его торопливый характер раздражает друзей. (His hasty nature irritates his friends.)

  Translation: His hasty nature irritates his friends. (This highlights character traits in social interactions.)

• Спешные действия в работе иногда приводят к провалам. (Hasty actions at work sometimes lead to failures.)

  Translation: Hasty actions at work sometimes lead to failures. (Shows application in professional scenarios.)

• Поспешные обещания редко выполняются. (Hasty promises are rarely fulfilled.)

  Translation: Hasty promises are rarely fulfilled. (Emphasizes formal or ethical contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These adjectives follow standard Russian adjective declension patterns, which change based on gender, number, and case. They are not irregular but require agreement with the nouns they modify.

For поспешный and торопливый, the inflections follow the same pattern as above. These adjectives do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward once basic declension rules are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • быстрый (quick) - More neutral, used for speed without negative connotation.
  • срочный (urgent) - Implies time pressure, often in professional contexts.
  • необдуманный (rash) - Focuses on lack of thought, with subtle differences from спешный in emphasizing impulsivity.
• Antonyms:
  • медленный (slow)
  • осмотрительный (cautious)
  • разумный (reasonable)

Related Phrases:

• Спешное решение (Hasty decision) - A common phrase for quick but poorly thought-out choices.
• Торопливый шаг (Hasty step) - Refers to rushing physically or metaphorically, often in narratives.
• Поспешные выводы (Hasty conclusions) - Used in discussions to warn against premature judgments.

Usage Notes:

In English: The English word "hasty" often corresponds to "спешный" in informal Russian contexts, but "поспешный" is preferred for formal or written language to convey a more critical tone. Be mindful of adjective agreement: always match gender, number, and case with the noun (e.g., "спешное решение" for neuter nouns). In conversational Russian, "торопливый" might be used for personal traits, while "спешный" suits actions. Choose based on context to avoid sounding unnatural.

• Grammar tip: These adjectives can be used predicatively or attributively, but in questions or negatives, they might shift emphasis (e.g., "Это было спешное?" means "Was that hasty?").
• Contextual advice: Avoid overusing in polite conversations, as it can imply criticism; opt for synonyms in neutral settings.

Common Errors:

In English: English learners often misuse these adjectives by not declining them correctly, such as saying "спешный дом" instead of "спешного дома" in genitive case, which sounds incorrect. For example:

• Error: "Я сделал спешный ошибка" (Incorrect: Fails to agree in gender and case).
• Correct: "Я сделал спешную ошибку" (Proper feminine agreement for "ошибка").
• Explanation: Russian requires full agreement, unlike English adjectives, so always check the noun's form to prevent grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In English: In Russian culture, words like "спешный" often reflect a societal value on thoroughness and caution, stemming from historical contexts like the Soviet era where hasty decisions in planning led to inefficiencies. This can add a layer of irony in modern usage, especially in literature or media critiquing bureaucracy.

Related Concepts:

• не терпеливый (impatient)
• срочность (urgency)
• импульсивность (impulsiveness)