Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'habituate'

English Word: habituate

Key Russian Translations:

• приучать [pʲrʲɪˈut͡ɕɪtʲ] - [Formal, used in contexts involving training or deliberate acclimatization]
• привыкать [pʲrʲɪˈvɨkətʲ] - [Informal, often used for gradual self-adaptation]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in everyday conversations, literature, and educational materials)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of verb conjugations and aspect differences; 'приучать' may be slightly more challenging for beginners due to its transitive nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

приучать: [pʲrʲɪˈut͡ɕɪtʲ]

Note on приучать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('u'), and the 'ч' sound is a soft palatal fricative, which can be tricky for English speakers. Practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

привыкать: [pʲrʲɪˈvɨkətʲ]

Note on привыкать: The 'ы' vowel is central and unrounded, often mispronounced by English learners as 'i'. Stress is on the second syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary meaning: To make someone or something accustomed to a new condition or habit.

Translation(s) & Context:

• приучать - Used in formal or instructional contexts, such as training animals or children, emphasizing an active process.
• привыкать - Applied in informal, personal contexts, focusing on passive or gradual adaptation.

Usage Examples:

• Я приучаю собаку к новому дому, чтобы она чувствовала себя комфортно. (Ya priuchayu sobaku k novomu domu, chtoby ona chuvstvovala sebya komfortno.)

  I am habituating the dog to the new home so it feels comfortable.

• Родители приучают детей к здоровому образу жизни с раннего возраста. (Roditeli priuchayut detey k zdorovomu obrazu zhizni s rannego vozrasta.)

  Parents habituate children to a healthy lifestyle from an early age.

• В офисе мы привыкаем к новым правилам работы. (V ofise my privykaem k novym pravilam raboty.)

  In the office, we are habituating to the new work rules.

• Путешественники привыкают к разнице во времени после нескольких дней. (Puteshestvenniki privykayut k raznitsye vo vremeni posle neskolkikh dney.)

  Travelers habituate to the time difference after a few days.

• Учителя приучают учеников к дисциплине через ежедневные упражнения. (Uchitelya priuchayut uchenikov k distsipline cherez ezhednevnye uprazhneniya.)

  Teachers habituate students to discipline through daily exercises.

Secondary meaning: To become accustomed through repeated exposure (more reflexive in Russian).

Translation(s) & Context:

• привыкать - Common in everyday, informal scenarios involving personal adaptation.

Usage Examples:

• Он привыкает к шуму большого города после переезда. (On privykaet k shumu bol'shogo goroda posle pereyezda.)

  He is habituating to the noise of the big city after moving.

• Мы привыкаем к изменениям в повседневной рутине. (My privykaem k izmeneniyam v povsednevnoy rutine.)

  We are habituating to changes in our daily routine.

• Дети быстро привыкают к новым игрушкам. (Deti bystro privykayut k novym igrushkam.)

  Children quickly habituate to new toys.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'приучать' and 'привыкать' are imperfective verbs in Russian, which means they express ongoing or repeated actions. Russian verbs undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'Приучать' is a first-conjugation verb, while 'привыкать' follows similar patterns but is reflexive in form.

Note: These verbs do not have irregular forms but follow standard patterns. For perfective aspects, use 'приучить' for 'приучать' and 'привыкнуть' for 'привыкать'.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: привыкнуть (privyknut' - more perfective, implying completion); адаптировать (adaptirat' - for formal adaptation)
• Antonyms: отвыкать (otvykat' - to unlearn or become unaccustomed); изжить (izhzhit' - to eliminate a habit, with subtle differences in context)

Related Phrases:

• Привыкнуть к чему-либо - To get used to something; Meaning: Implies a process of adaptation over time, often in personal growth contexts.
• Приучать к дисциплине - To train to discipline; Meaning: Used in educational or military settings to enforce habits.
• Привыкать к изменениям - To adapt to changes; Meaning: Common in discussions about life transitions or environmental shifts.

Usage Notes:

'Habituate' corresponds closely to 'приучать' when the action is deliberate and external, versus 'привыкать' for internal, gradual processes. In Russian, always consider the aspect: imperfective for ongoing actions and perfective for completed ones. For formal writing, 'приучать' is preferred; in casual speech, 'привыкать' fits better. Be mindful of verb agreement with subject gender and number, and use reflexive forms carefully to avoid confusion with English structures.

• Choose 'приучать' for active teaching scenarios.
• Avoid direct word-for-word translation; context dictates the best fit.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'приучать' (active) with 'привыкать' (passive), leading to incorrect verb choice. For example:

• Error: Using 'привыкать' in a sentence like "I habituate my pet to the leash" – Incorrect: Я привыкаю собаку к поводку (implies the dog is doing it itself).
• Correct: Я приучаю собаку к поводку. Explanation: 'Приучать' requires a direct object and shows external influence.
• Another error: Neglecting aspect, e.g., using 'привыкать' for a completed action. Correct by switching to 'привыкнуть' for perfective forms.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, habituation often ties to resilience and adaptation, reflecting historical contexts like adapting to harsh winters or social changes. For instance, phrases like 'привыкать к жизни' (getting used to life) emphasize endurance, a value rooted in Russia's literary traditions, such as in works by Tolstoy, where characters habituate to adversity.

Related Concepts:

• адаптация
• привычка
• изменение