Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'grating'

English Word: grating

Key Russian Translations:

• раздражающий [rəzdrɐˈʐajʊʂʲɪj] - [Adjective, Formal; used to describe something irritating or harsh]
• решётка [rʲɪˈʂɵtkə] - [Noun, Neutral; refers to a physical grid or framework]

Frequency: Medium; 'раздражающий' is commonly used in everyday conversations and literature, while 'решётка' appears in technical or descriptive contexts.

Difficulty: B1 for 'раздражающий' (Intermediate, as it involves adjective forms), C1 for 'решётка' (Advanced, due to noun inflections and specific contexts).

Pronunciation (Russian):

раздражающий: [rəzdrɐˈʐajʊʂʲɪj] - The stress is on the third syllable; note the soft 'ж' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on раздражающий: The 'ж' is pronounced like the 's' in 'measure', and the word may vary slightly in rapid speech.

решётка: [rʲɪˈʂɵtkə] - Stress on the second syllable; the 'щ' sound is a soft, hissing 'sh'.

Note on решётка: In some dialects, the ending may soften further, but standard Russian maintains this form.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As an adjective, meaning irritating or harsh to the senses.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздражающий - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as criticizing sounds or behaviors.

Usage Examples:

• Его раздражающий голос эхом разнёсся по комнате.

  His grating voice echoed through the room.

• Раздражающий шум от стройки мешал сосредоточиться.

  The grating noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.

• Её раздражающий тон в разговоре вызвал конфликт.

  Her grating tone in the conversation sparked a conflict.

• Раздражающий свет экрана ночью плохо влияет на сон.

  The grating light from the screen at night badly affects sleep.

Meaning 2: As a noun, meaning a framework of bars or a grid.

Translation(s) & Context:

• решётка - Used in technical, architectural, or everyday contexts referring to physical structures.

Usage Examples:

• Металлическая решётка на окне защищает от взлома.

  The grating on the window protects against break-ins.

• Решётка в вентиляционной системе нуждается в очистке.

  The grating in the ventilation system needs cleaning.

• Дверная решётка добавляет дому дополнительную безопасность.

  The door grating adds extra security to the house.

• Решётка на мосту выдерживает тяжёлый транспорт.

  The grating on the bridge supports heavy traffic.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'раздражающий' (adjective): This is an adjective that follows standard Russian adjectival inflections based on gender, number, and case. It is derived from the verb 'раздражать' and changes as follows:

For 'решётка' (noun, feminine, first declension): This noun inflects regularly for case and number. It does not have irregular forms.

Note: Both words follow regular patterns, making them straightforward for learners once basic rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for раздражающий: досадный (dosadnyy; slightly annoying), неприятный (nepriyatnyy; unpleasant) - 'Досадный' is often used for milder irritation.
• Synonyms for решётка: сетка (setka; mesh), ограда (ograda; barrier)
• Antonyms for раздражающий: приятный (priyatnyy; pleasant), успокаивающий (uspokaivayushchiy; soothing)
• Antonyms for решётка: открытый (otkrytyy; open), незащищённый (nezashchishchonnyy; unprotected)

Related Phrases:

• Раздражающий шум - A grating noise; used in contexts of environmental disturbances.
• Металлическая решётка - Metal grating; common in construction or security discussions.
• Раздражающий эффект - Grating effect; refers to sensory overload in media or art.

Usage Notes:

'Раздражающий' directly corresponds to the adjective form of 'grating' in English, but it's often used in more formal or literary contexts to avoid sounding overly harsh. Choose this over synonyms when emphasizing strong irritation. For 'решётка', it's a precise match for the noun form, but be aware of its feminine gender in sentences, e.g., 'решётка большая' (the grating is big). In spoken Russian, 'раздражающий' might be softened in casual talk, while 'решётка' is neutral and widely applicable.

• Grammar note: Always inflect adjectives like 'раздражающий' to agree with the noun they modify.
• Context guidance: Use 'решётка' in technical scenarios, and prefer 'раздражающий' for emotional or sensory descriptions.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse 'раздражающий' by not inflecting it correctly, e.g., saying 'раздражающий женщина' instead of 'раздражающая женщина' (grating woman). Correct form: Ensure gender agreement. Another error is confusing it with 'раздражительный' (irritable as a personality trait), which is not the same as a temporary state. For 'решётка', learners might forget declension, e.g., using 'решётка' in the genitive as 'решётка' instead of 'решётки'. Example of error: "Я видел решётка" (wrong) vs. "Я видел решётку" (correct, accusative case).

Cultural Notes:

'Раздражающий' can reflect Russian cultural emphasis on endurance and stoicism; for instance, in literature like Dostoevsky's works, grating elements often symbolize deeper societal irritations. 'Решётка' might evoke historical contexts, such as the iron gratings on windows in old Russian buildings, symbolizing protection in a harsh climate.

Related Concepts:

• шум (shum; noise)
• защита (zashchita; protection)
• раздражение (razdrazhenie; irritation)