Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'goods'

English Word: goods

Key Russian Translations:

• това́ры [tɐˈvarɨ] - [Plural, Used in commercial or everyday contexts referring to merchandise or products]
• товар [tɐˈvar] - [Singular, Informal or when referring to a single item, though 'goods' is typically plural]

Frequency: Medium (Common in business, trade, and shopping contexts, but not as ubiquitous as everyday words)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and plural forms, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

това́ры: [tɐˈvarɨ]

товар: [tɐˈvar]

Note on това́ры: The stress falls on the second syllable (ва́), which is a common feature in Russian words ending in -ы. Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Merchandise or products for sale (Primary sense of 'goods' in English)

Translation(s) & Context:

• това́ры - Used in contexts involving shopping, trade, or inventory, often in plural form to denote a collection of items.
• товар - Applied when referring to a single item or in more specific commercial discussions, but less common for the plural 'goods'.

Usage Examples:

• В магазине представлен широкий ассортимент товаров.

  In the store, there is a wide assortment of goods.

• Импортные товары часто дороже отечественных.

  Imported goods are often more expensive than domestic ones.

• Он торгует товарами на рынке каждое утро.

  He sells goods at the market every morning.

• Качество товаров в этом магазине всегда на высоте.

  The quality of goods in this store is always top-notch.

• Това́ры повседневного спроса быстро расходятся в сезон распродаж.

  Goods of everyday demand sell out quickly during sales season.

Meaning: Personal belongings or property (Secondary sense, e.g., in legal or everyday contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• това́ры - Less common, but can imply possessions in informal settings; more precisely, 'имущество' might be used, but 'това́ры' fits for tradeable items.

Usage Examples:

• При переезде нужно аккуратно упаковать все товары.

  When moving, you need to carefully pack all your goods.

• В случае кражи, товары владельца подлежат возврату.

  In case of theft, the owner's goods must be returned.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The primary translation 'това́ры' is a masculine plural noun in Russian, derived from 'товар' (singular). Russian nouns like this follow standard declension patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. 'Товар' is irregular in some forms due to its root.

Note: 'Това́ры' remains unchanged in gender but varies by case, which is typical for Russian plurals. For 'товар', it is a first-declension masculine noun with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • продукты (products, often for consumables; more specific to food or goods for daily use)
  • изделия (items or manufactures; implies handmade or produced goods)
  • вещи (things; broader, informal synonym for personal goods)
• Antonyms:
  • услуги (services; contrasts with physical goods in commercial contexts)

Related Phrases:

• потребительские товары - Consumer goods; refers to items bought for personal use.
• товары народного потребления - Goods for mass consumption; everyday items in a retail setting.
• импортные товары - Imported goods; used in discussions of trade and economics.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'това́ры' directly corresponds to the English 'goods' in plural commercial contexts, but always consider the case and number for grammatical accuracy. For formal writing, use 'това́ры' in nominative; in informal speech, it might be shortened or varied. When choosing between 'това́ры' and 'товар', opt for the former if 'goods' implies multiple items. Be mindful of context: in legal documents, 'имущество' might be more precise for personal property.

• Avoid direct word-for-word translation; Russian often requires articles or prepositions that English omits.
• In spoken Russian, stress patterns like in 'това́ры' can change meaning, so practice pronunciation.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse the singular 'товар' with the plural 'това́ры', leading to incorrect usage. For example:

• Error: Saying "Я купил товар" when meaning multiple items (implies one item only).
• Correct: "Я купил товары" (I bought goods, plural). Explanation: Russian requires plural forms for plural concepts, unlike English where 'goods' is inherently plural.
• Another error: Forgetting declension, e.g., using "товары" in genitive as "товары" instead of "товаро́в". Correct form: "Нехватка товаро́в" (Shortage of goods).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'това́ры' often evokes the historical context of Soviet-era state-controlled markets, where goods were rationed. Today, it reflects modern consumerism, especially in urban areas like Moscow, where shopping malls emphasize variety and quality, highlighting Russia's shift to a market economy.

Related Concepts:

• рынок (market)
• торговля (trade)
• покупки (purchases)