Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'gouge'

English Word: gouge

Key Russian Translations:

• выемка [vɨˈjemkə] - [Noun, Formal, Singular; used in technical or descriptive contexts]
• вырезать [vɨˈrʲezatʲ] - [Verb, Informal; used for actions involving cutting or scooping]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday conversation but appear in specialized fields like craftsmanship or engineering.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian noun declensions and verb conjugations. For 'выемка' as a noun: B1; for 'вырезать' as a verb: B2 due to irregular aspects.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выемка: [vɨˈjemkə]

Note on выемка: The stress falls on the second syllable ('jem'). Be careful with the soft 'e' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. It may vary slightly in fast speech.

вырезать: [vɨˈrʲezatʲ]

Note on вырезать: The 'rʲ' indicates a palatalized 'r', common in Russian verbs. Pronunciation can soften in informal speech. Practice the infinitive form first.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

As a noun: A groove, hole, or indentation made by cutting or scooping.

Translation(s) & Context:

• выемка - Used in contexts like woodworking, construction, or describing physical damage, often in formal or technical writing.

Usage Examples:

• В дереве была глубокая выемка от топора.

  In the wood, there was a deep gouge from the axe.

• Мастер сделал выемку в металле для лучшей фиксации.

  The craftsman made a gouge in the metal for better fixation.

• Выемка на дороге вызвала аварию.

  The gouge in the road caused an accident.

• После дождя появились новые выемки в грунте.

  After the rain, new gouges appeared in the soil.

As a verb: To cut, scoop out, or make a groove forcefully.

Translation(s) & Context:

• вырезать - Applied in scenarios involving tools or manual labor, such as carving or excavating, and can be informal in everyday speech.

Usage Examples:

• Он вырезал выемку в камне для статуи.

  He gouged out a groove in the stone for the statue.

• С помощью инструмента вырежьте аккуратную выемку в дереве.

  Use the tool to gouge a neat groove in the wood.

• Не вырезай слишком глубоко, иначе материал сломается.

  Don't gouge too deeply, or the material will break.

• Вандалы вырезали выемки на памятнике.

  Vandals gouged grooves into the monument.

• Вырежьте выемку для провода в стене.

  Gouge a groove for the wire in the wall.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'выемка' (feminine noun, first declension):

It follows regular feminine noun patterns with no irregularities.

For 'вырезать' (verb, imperfective aspect):

This verb is imperfective and conjugates regularly, but its perfective counterpart is 'вырезать' (same stem). No major irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: желоб (zhelob) - More specific to channels or troughs; углубление (uglubleniye) - General for any deepening, often used interchangeably in non-technical contexts.
• Antonyms: выпуклость (vypuklost') - Refers to a bulge or protrusion.

Related Phrases:

• Сделать выемку - To make a gouge; commonly used in DIY or construction contexts.
• Вырезать выемку - To cut a groove; implies a precise action with tools.
• Глубокая выемка - A deep gouge; used to describe significant damage or features.

Usage Notes:

'Выемка' directly corresponds to the noun form of 'gouge' in English, emphasizing a physical indentation, while 'вырезать' aligns with the verb form for actions like scooping or cutting. Use 'выемка' in formal or technical settings, such as engineering reports, and 'вырезать' in everyday or instructional language. Be mindful of Russian's grammatical gender—'выемка' is feminine, affecting adjective agreements (e.g., 'глубокая выемка'). When choosing between translations, opt for 'вырезать' if the action is ongoing or imperfective.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing 'выемка' with 'выем' (a rare variant or misspelling). Correct: Use 'выемка' for standard noun forms. Example of error: Saying "выем в дереве" instead of "выемка в дереве". Explanation: 'Выемка' is the proper feminine noun; 'выем' might be seen in dialects but is incorrect in standard Russian.
• Mistake: Overusing 'вырезать' without aspect consideration. Correct: Pair it with perfective 'вырезать' for completed actions. Example of error: "Я вырезаю вчера" (incorrect tense mixing). Explanation: Russian verbs require aspect agreement; use past tense properly as "Я вырезал вчера".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'выемка' often appear in contexts of traditional craftsmanship, such as woodcarving in folk art or icon-making. This reflects Russia's historical emphasis on manual skills in rural and artisanal communities, where tools for gouging were essential for creating detailed patterns in religious or decorative items.

Related Concepts:

• желоб
• углубление
• резьба