Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'glean'

English Word: glean

Key Russian Translations:

• собирать [sɐˈbʲirətʲ] - [Formal, General verb for collecting]
• выуживать [vɨˈuʐɨvətʲ] - [Informal, Often used for extracting information metaphorically]

Frequency: Medium (Common in contexts like research, writing, or everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "to go").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; Involves understanding verb conjugations and contextual usage. For "выуживать," it may lean towards B2 due to its idiomatic nature.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

собирать: [sɐˈbʲirətʲ]

Note on собирать: The stress falls on the second syllable; be mindful of the soft 'b' sound, which is common in Russian verbs. This word has palatalization that might challenge English speakers.

выуживать: [vɨˈuʐɨvətʲ]

Note on выуживать: Pronunciation includes a rolled 'r' and a soft 'zh' sound; it's often used in spoken language and has variations in speed based on regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Gathering information gradually (Primary meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• собирать информацию - Used in formal contexts like academic or professional settings, where information is collected systematically.
• выуживать детали - Applied in informal or detective-like scenarios, implying effort to extract hidden or scattered details.

Usage Examples:

• Я собираю информацию из различных источников, чтобы написать отчет.

  I am gleaning information from various sources to write the report.

• Она выуживает секреты из разговоров, как опытный детектив.

  She gleans secrets from conversations like an experienced detective.

• В интернете легко собирать полезные факты, но нужно проверять их точность.

  It's easy to glean useful facts online, but you need to verify their accuracy.

• Мы выуживаем данные из старых документов для исторического исследования.

  We are gleaning data from old documents for historical research.

• Он собирает отзывы от клиентов, чтобы улучшить свой бизнес.

  He gleans feedback from clients to improve his business.

Collecting remnants, e.g., after harvesting (Secondary, literal meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• собирать урожай - Used in agricultural or literal contexts, though less common in modern urban Russian.

Usage Examples:

• Дети собирают оставшийся урожай с поля после уборки.

  Children glean the remaining harvest from the field after the main collection.

• В деревне люди собирают зерно, которое упало во время жатвы.

  In the village, people glean grain that fell during the harvest.

• Она собирает фрукты с земли, чтобы ничего не пропало.

  She gleans fruits from the ground so that nothing is wasted.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, so they follow Russian verb conjugation patterns. "Собирать" is an imperfective verb, while "выуживать" is also imperfective. Russian verbs change based on tense, aspect, person, and number. Below is a conjugation table for "собирать" in the present tense as an example:

For "выуживать," the conjugation is similar but irregular in some forms: e.g., 1st person singular: выуживаю. These verbs do not change in gender but must agree in number and person. If the verb is used in perfective aspect (e.g., собрать for "собирать"), it has its own conjugations, which are aspect-specific and common in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • набирать (Similar to собирать, but often implies accumulating more actively)
  • извлекать (More formal, emphasizing extraction from a source)
• Antonyms:
  • рассеивать (To scatter or disperse)
  • терять (To lose)

Related Phrases:

• собирать информацию - Gathering information; often used in investigative or research contexts.
• выуживать правду - Fishing out the truth; implies uncovering hidden facts in conversations.
• собирать урожай - To harvest; a literal phrase with cultural ties to rural life.

Usage Notes:

"Собирать" is a versatile verb that directly corresponds to the English "glean" in both literal and figurative senses, making it the go-to choice for formal translations. However, "выуживать" is preferred for nuanced contexts involving effortful extraction, such as in journalism or detective work. Be cautious with aspect: use imperfective forms like "собирать" for ongoing actions and perfective "собрать" for completed ones. In informal speech, "выуживать" might carry a slightly negative connotation, so choose based on context to avoid unintended implications. For English learners, remember that Russian verbs require agreement with subject in person and number, which can differ from English structures.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking "собирать" for "steal" (e.g., using it interchangeably with "воровать"), which is incorrect as "собирать" implies lawful collection. Error: "Я собираю чужие вещи" (implying theft). Correct: "Я собираю свои вещи." Explanation: "Собирать" means to gather, not to take unlawfully.
• Overusing "выуживать" in formal writing, where "собирать" is more appropriate. Error: "В отчете выуживаем данные" (sounds casual). Correct: "В отчете собираем данные." Explanation: "Выуживать" is better for spoken or narrative contexts.
• Forgetting verb aspects, e.g., using "собирать" for a completed action. Error: "Я собирал урожай вчера" (implies ongoing). Correct: "Я собрал урожай вчера." Explanation: Use perfective for finished actions to match English past tense accurately.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like "собирать урожай" evoke historical agricultural traditions, such as those in rural villages during Soviet times, symbolizing resourcefulness and community effort. "Выуживать" might appear in literature, like in detective novels by authors such as Akunin, highlighting the Russian value of perseverance in uncovering truth amidst complexity.

Related Concepts:

• анализ (analysis)
• исследование (research)
• жатва (harvest)