Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'gash'

English Word: gash

Key Russian Translations:

• рана [ˈranə] - [Noun, Formal, Singular; Used in medical or descriptive contexts]
• порез [pɐˈrʲes] - [Noun, Informal; Used for accidental cuts or minor injuries]
• надрез [nɐˈdrʲes] - [Noun, Technical; Used in surgical or precise cutting scenarios]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language, especially in health-related discussions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary like "дом" for house)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of noun declensions and basic medical vocabulary; For "рана", it's B1; for "порез", it's A2 if in casual contexts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

рана: [ˈranə]

Note on рана: The stress is on the first syllable; the 'a' sounds like the 'a' in "father". Be cautious with the soft 'n' sound, which is palatalized in Russian.

порез: [pɐˈrʲes]

Note on порез: The 'r' is rolled, and the 'e' is like the 'e' in "bet"; this word has a secondary stress that can vary in rapid speech.

надрез: [nɐˈdrʲes]

Note on надрез: Pronunciation may soften in formal speech; the 'd' can become more dental.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A deep cut or wound on the skin, often caused by a sharp object.

Translation(s) & Context:

• рана - Typically used in formal or medical contexts, such as describing injuries in hospitals or first-aid situations.
• порез - Common in everyday informal contexts, like kitchen accidents or minor scrapes.
• надрез - Applied in technical or surgical contexts, such as in medicine or crafting.

Usage Examples:

• У него была глубокая рана на руке от падения.

  He had a deep gash on his arm from the fall.

• Она получила порез на пальце, пока чистила овощи.

  She got a gash on her finger while cleaning vegetables.

• Врач сделал надрез для операции.

  The doctor made a gash for the surgery.

• После аварии у пострадавшего оказалась большая рана на ноге.

  After the accident, the victim had a large gash on his leg.

Meaning 2: To make a deep cut (as a verb, though "gash" is primarily a noun in English).

Translation(s) & Context:

• нанести рану - Used metaphorically or literally in descriptive narratives.
• сделать порез - Informal for accidental cutting actions.

Usage Examples:

• Острие ножа нанесло рану на ткани.

  The knife's edge gashed the fabric.

• Он случайно сделал порез на бумаге.

  He accidentally gashed the paper.

• В фильме герой нанес врагу глубокую рану мечом.

  In the movie, the hero gashed the enemy with a sword.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "рана" (feminine noun, first declension), it follows standard Russian noun patterns with changes based on case and number:

For "порез" (masculine noun, second declension), it has regular changes:

"надрез" follows similar patterns as "порез" and does not have irregular inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • расселина (more geological, for cracks)
  • надрыв (for tears or strains)
• Antonyms:
  • целостность (integrity, wholeness)
  • заживление (healing, opposite in context of wounds)

Related Phrases:

• Открытая рана - An open wound; Used in first-aid contexts to describe exposed injuries.
• Глубокий порез - A deep cut; Common in everyday injury descriptions.
• Хирургический надрез - Surgical incision; Refers to controlled cuts in medical procedures.

Usage Notes:

"Gash" in English often implies a more severe or dramatic cut, so in Russian, "рана" is the closest equivalent for formal or medical use, while "порез" suits casual scenarios. Choose based on context: use "рана" for deeper wounds and "надрез" for intentional cuts. Note that Russian nouns require correct case agreement, e.g., in prepositional phrases like "на ране" (on the wound). Avoid direct word-for-word translation; instead, adapt to Russian idiomatic expressions for natural speech.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "рана" interchangeably with "порез" without considering severity. Incorrect: "У меня порез от ножа" when it's a deep wound. Correct: "У меня рана от ножа". Explanation: "Порез" implies something minor, so learners should assess context to avoid understatement.
• Mistake: Forgetting declension, e.g., saying "в рана" instead of "в ране". Incorrect: "Лечить рана". Correct: "Лечить рану". Explanation: Russian requires accusative case for direct objects, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "рана" can carry metaphorical weight in literature, such as in war stories or poetry, symbolizing emotional or psychological scars (e.g., in Tolstoy's works). This reflects a broader Slavic tradition of linking physical injuries to deeper human experiences, helping users appreciate the emotional nuance in Russian media.

Related Concepts:

• Бинт (bandage)
• Шрам (scar)
• Травма (injury)