Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'gauge'

English Word: gauge

Key Russian Translations:

• манометр [mɐˈnomʲɪtər] - [Formal, Technical]
• калибр [kɐˈlʲibr] - [Formal, Used in engineering or manufacturing contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical and scientific discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

манометр: [mɐˈnomʲɪtər]

Note on манометр: The stress falls on the third syllable; be mindful of the soft 'н' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

калибр: [kɐˈlʲibr]

Note on калибр: The 'лʲ' represents a palatalized 'l', common in Russian; pronounce it softly as in "million".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A device or instrument used for measuring, such as pressure or size

Translation(s) & Context:

• манометр - Used in technical contexts like engineering or automotive, to measure pressure (e.g., in tires or systems).
• калибр - Applied in manufacturing or firearms contexts, referring to a standard size or measurement gauge.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: В мастерской механик проверил давление в шинах с помощью манометра.

  English: In the workshop, the mechanic checked the tire pressure using a gauge.

• Русский: Инженер использовал калибр, чтобы измерить точный диаметр детали.

  English: The engineer used a gauge to measure the exact diameter of the part.

• Русский: На заводе манометр показывает стабильное давление в трубопроводе.

  English: At the factory, the gauge shows stable pressure in the pipeline.

• Русский: Калибр оказался неисправным, поэтому измерения были неточными.

  English: The gauge was faulty, so the measurements were inaccurate.

• Русский: В автомобиле цифровой манометр отображает реальное давление в реальном времени.

  English: In the car, the digital gauge displays real-time pressure.

Meaning 2: To estimate or judge something, e.g., the capacity or extent

Translation(s) & Context:

• калибр - Less common, but used metaphorically in evaluative contexts, such as assessing quality or standards.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Эксперт использовал калибр, чтобы оценить качество материала.

  English: The expert used a gauge to assess the quality of the material.

• Русский: В отчёте был указан калибр для измерения рыночного спроса.

  English: The report included a gauge for measuring market demand.

• Русский: Манометр в системе помог калибровать точность данных.

  English: The gauge in the system helped to gauge the accuracy of the data.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are nouns. "Манометр" is a masculine noun, and it follows standard Russian declension patterns. "Калибр" is also masculine and generally follows regular patterns, but can vary based on context.

Note: These are regular declensions; no irregularities for these words.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: измеритель (general measurer), датчик (sensor) - измеритель is more neutral and can be used in everyday contexts, while датчик implies electronic devices.
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as these are measurement terms rather than oppositional concepts.

Related Phrases:

• Давление в манометре - Refers to the pressure reading on the gauge, commonly used in mechanical contexts.
• Калибр инструмента - Means the gauge of a tool, indicating its measurement standard in precision work.
• Проверить манометр - To check the gauge, often in safety inspections.

Usage Notes:

"Манометр" directly corresponds to a pressure gauge in English and is typically used in formal, technical settings. Choose "калибр" for contexts involving size or standards, as it aligns more with manufacturing. Be aware of grammatical gender (both masculine) and ensure correct declension based on sentence structure. In informal speech, Russians might opt for simpler terms like "измеритель" if precision isn't critical.

• Avoid direct word-for-word translation; context is key—e.g., use "манометр" only for pressure-related scenarios.
• When gauging multiple items, plural forms are essential for accuracy in Russian sentences.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "манометр" with "термометр" (thermometer), leading to incorrect usage in pressure contexts. For example:

• Error: Использовать термометр для измерения давления (Using a thermometer to measure pressure).
• Correct: Использовать манометр для измерения давления (Using a gauge to measure pressure). Explanation: Термометр measures temperature, not pressure, so always verify the specific instrument based on context.
• Another error: Misdeclining nouns, e.g., saying "манометрa" in nominative case instead of "манометр". Correct by practicing declension tables.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "манометр" are heavily associated with industrial and Soviet-era engineering heritage, where precise measurements were crucial in manufacturing and infrastructure. This reflects a broader emphasis on technical education in Russia, but there's no deep cultural idiom tied to it.

Related Concepts:

• термометр
• барометр
• измерительный прибор