Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'functionalism'

English Word: functionalism

Key Russian Translations:

• функционализм /fʊnkʦɨənɐˈlʲizm/ - [Formal, Academic]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, philosophical, and architectural discussions but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with abstract concepts and Russian nominal declensions, suitable for upper-intermediate to advanced learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

функционализм: /fʊnkʦɨənɐˈlʲizm/

Note on функционализм: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("lʲizm"), which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalized 'l' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Sociological/Philosophical Meaning: A theory emphasizing the function of social institutions in maintaining society or the role of mental states in behavior.

Translation(s) & Context:

• функционализм - Used in formal academic contexts, such as discussions of social theory or psychology, to describe a system where elements serve a purpose.

Usage Examples:

• В социологии функционализм подчеркивает роль институтов в поддержании стабильности общества.

  In sociology, functionalism emphasizes the role of institutions in maintaining societal stability.

• Функционализм в психологии фокусируется на том, как сознание помогает адаптироваться к окружающей среде.

  Functionalism in psychology focuses on how consciousness helps adapt to the environment.

• Современный архитектурный функционализм приоритизирует практичность над эстетикой.

  Modern architectural functionalism prioritizes practicality over aesthetics.

• Критики функционализма часто указывают на его игнорирование индивидуальных различий.

  Critics of functionalism often point out its neglect of individual differences.

• Функционализм как теория эволюции объясняет, почему определенные черты сохраняются в видах.

  Functionalism as an evolutionary theory explains why certain traits persist in species.

Architectural Meaning: A design approach prioritizing utility and function over ornamentation.

Translation(s) & Context:

• функционализм - Applied in contexts like modern design, where the focus is on efficient, purpose-driven structures.

Usage Examples:

• Функционализм в архитектуре стал популярным в начале XX века, отражая индустриальную эру.

  Functionalism in architecture became popular in the early 20th century, reflecting the industrial era.

• Здания, построенные по принципам функционализма, обычно имеют простые формы и минимум декора.

  Buildings constructed according to functionalism principles usually have simple forms and minimal decoration.

• Функционализм критикуют за отсутствие эмоциональной выразительности в дизайне.

  Functionalism is criticized for lacking emotional expressiveness in design.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Функционализм" is a masculine noun (from the neuter stem but behaves as masculine in modern Russian). It follows the standard third declension pattern for abstract nouns, with regular inflections based on case and number. It is typically used in singular form in academic contexts.

Note: The plural forms are infrequently used and may not apply in all contexts, as "functionalism" is often treated as a singular concept.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • функциональность (funktsionalnost') - Emphasizes practicality; often used interchangeably in design contexts.
  • прагматизм (pragmatizm) - Highlights a similar focus on utility, with subtle differences in philosophical application.
• Antonyms:
  • формализм (formalizm) - Refers to an emphasis on form over function, common in art and theory.
  • идеализм (idealizm) - Focuses on abstract ideals rather than practical outcomes.

Related Phrases:

• функциональный подход (funktsionalnyy podkhod) - A functional approach; used in problem-solving or analysis to prioritize efficiency.
• принципы функционализма (printsipy funktsionalizma) - Principles of functionalism; refers to core ideas in architecture or sociology.
• критика функционализма (kritika funktsionalizma) - Criticism of functionalism; common in academic debates about its limitations.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "функционализм" directly corresponds to the English "functionalism" in academic and professional contexts, but it's most precise in formal writing or lectures. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the noun to be inflected based on case (e.g., genitive for possession: "функционализма"). When choosing between translations, use "функционализм" for broad theoretical discussions, but be aware of its academic tone—avoid it in casual conversation. It's gender-neutral in concept but grammatically masculine, which affects agreements in sentences.

• Contextual usage: In architecture, it pairs well with terms like "современный дизайн" (modern design).
• Grammar tip: Always ensure adjective agreement, e.g., "современный функционализм" (modern functionalism).

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "функционализм" with "функциональность," mistakenly using the latter for theoretical concepts. For example:

• Incorrect: "Функциональность в социологии игнорирует индивидуальные различия." (This implies mere practicality, not the full theory.)
• Correct: "Функционализм в социологии игнорирует индивидуальные различия." (Properly refers to the theory.)
• Explanation: The error stems from overlapping meanings, but "функционализм" is the specific term for the ism, while "функциональность" means functionality as a quality. Always check the context to avoid this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and intellectual history, "функционализм" is linked to early 20th-century movements like Constructivism in architecture, influenced by figures such as Vladimir Tatlin. It reflects a Soviet-era emphasis on utility and collectivism, contrasting with Western ornamental styles, and symbolizes practicality in the face of rapid industrialization.

Related Concepts:

• структурализм (strukturializm)
• постмодернизм (postmodernizm)
• эволюционизм (evolyutsionizm)