Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'forward'

English Word: forward

Key Russian Translations:

• вперёд [vpiˈrʲɵt] - [Informal, used in directional contexts]
• пересылать [pʲɪrʲɪˈsɨlətʲ] - [Formal, verb form; used in communication or shipping]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday language but varies by context)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic adverbs and verbs, but 'вперёд' is simpler at A2, while 'пересылать' may reach B1 due to conjugation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вперёд: [vpiˈrʲɵt]

Note on вперёд: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'r' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers.

пересылать: [pʲɪrʲɪˈsɨlətʲ]

Note on пересылать: This is a verb with palatalization; the 's' sound softens before 'l', and it has multiple inflected forms.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Toward the front or in advance (adverbial use)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вперёд - Used in motivational or directional contexts, such as in sports or daily instructions.

Usage Examples:

• Иди вперёд, не оглядывайся!

  Go forward, don't look back!

• Команда крикнула: "Вперёд!" и рванула к финишу.

  The team shouted: "Forward!" and dashed to the finish line.

• Вперёд, друзья, мы почти у цели.

  Forward, friends, we're almost at the goal.

• Дети бежали вперёд по тропинке.

  The children ran forward along the path.

Meaning 2: To send or forward something (verb use, e.g., email or mail)

Translation(s) & Context:

• пересылать - Used in formal or professional settings, such as emailing documents or forwarding packages.

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, перешлите это письмо коллегам.

  Please forward this letter to your colleagues.

• Я перешлю вам файл по электронной почте.

  I'll forward you the file via email.

• В офисе мы пересылаем документы через внутреннюю систему.

  In the office, we forward documents through the internal system.

• Не забудьте переслать посылку по новому адресу.

  Don't forget to forward the package to the new address.

• Она пересылает новости из России своим друзьям за границей.

  She forwards news from Russia to her friends abroad.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For вперёд (adverb): This word is invariable and does not change form in Russian. It remains the same across contexts.

For пересылать (verb, imperfective): This is a first-conjugation verb with regular inflections. Below is a table of its key forms:

Note: The perfective counterpart is 'переслать', which has its own inflections, but 'пересылать' is more common for ongoing actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вперед (for directional meaning; similar to вперёд but more literary)
  • отправлять (for sending; implies initiating rather than forwarding)
  Note: 'отправлять' is often interchangeable with 'пересылать' in casual contexts but emphasizes the start of transmission.
• Antonyms:
  • назад (backward, opposite of вперёд)
  • удерживать (to hold back, opposite in sending contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Вперёд, к победе! - A motivational phrase meaning "Forward, to victory!" often used in sports or rallies.
• Переслать сообщение - To forward a message; commonly used in digital communication.
• Идти вперёд несмотря ни на что - To go forward no matter what; implies perseverance in challenging situations.

Usage Notes:

'Forward' as 'вперёд' is a straightforward adverb in Russian, directly corresponding to English in directional senses, but it's more common in spoken language for encouragement. For the verb 'пересылать', it's essential to match the aspect: use it for ongoing actions, not completed ones. English speakers should note that Russian verbs conjugate based on subject, so always adjust for person and number. When choosing between translations, opt for 'вперёд' in informal settings and 'пересылать' in professional ones to ensure natural flow.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'вперёд' as a verb, e.g., saying "Я вперёд письмо" instead of "Я пересылаю письмо".
  Correct: Я пересылаю письмо.
  Explanation: 'Вперёд' is an adverb, not a verb; confusing it leads to grammatical errors in Russian sentence structure.
• Error: Forgetting to conjugate 'пересылать', e.g., saying "Я пересылать" instead of "Я пересылаю".
  Correct: Я пересылаю.
  Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with the subject; English speakers often omit endings due to the lack of conjugation in English.

Cultural Notes:

The phrase 'Вперёд!' is deeply rooted in Russian culture, often evoking revolutionary or wartime imagery from Soviet history, such as in propaganda posters or military commands. It symbolizes progress and resilience, which can add emotional weight in modern contexts like sports events.

Related Concepts:

• вперед
• отправка
• прогресс