Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'forbidden'

English Word: forbidden

Key Russian Translations:

• запрещенный [zəprʲɪˈʂʲɛnnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• запретный [zəˈprʲetnɨj] - [Formal, Often used in legal or historical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its forms are commonly encountered in everyday Russian, especially in legal, educational, and regulatory texts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; Learners at this level should grasp basic adjective inflections, though the pronunciation of 'щ' in запрещенный may pose challenges for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

запрещенный: [zəprʲɪˈʂʲɛnnɨj]

Note on запрещенный: The 'щ' sound is a soft, hissing fricative, similar to 'sh' in 'she' but more palatalized. Stress falls on the third syllable, which is common in Russian adjectives.

запретный: [zəˈprʲetnɨj]

Note on запретный: Pronounce with emphasis on the second syllable; the 'e' is a short, neutral vowel.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Not permitted or allowed (e.g., prohibited by law, rules, or authority).

Translation(s) & Context:

• запрещенный - Used in formal contexts, such as laws, signs, or official documents, to describe something explicitly banned.
• запретный - Applied in more poetic or historical contexts, like forbidden areas or taboo subjects, often with a sense of allure or danger.

Usage Examples:

• В этом парке запрещено курить, чтобы сохранить чистоту воздуха.

  In this park, smoking is forbidden to maintain air purity.

• Запретный плод всегда кажется слаще, как в старых сказках.

  The forbidden fruit always seems sweeter, as in old fairy tales.

• Этот фильм был запрещен в некоторых странах из-за содержания насилия.

  This film was forbidden in some countries due to its violent content.

• В библиотеке запрещенные книги хранятся в специальном отделе.

  In the library, forbidden books are kept in a special section.

• Запрещенный доступ к сайту был вызван кибербезопасными мерами.

  Access to the website was forbidden due to cybersecurity measures.

Meaning: Prohibited in a moral or ethical sense (e.g., taboo or socially unacceptable).

Translation(s) & Context:

• запрещенный - Common in everyday conversations about ethics or social norms, e.g., forbidden relationships.
• запретный - Often used metaphorically, as in literature or discussions of cultural taboos.

Usage Examples:

• В некоторых традициях брак между родственниками считается запрещенным.

  In some traditions, marriage between relatives is considered forbidden.

• Запретный роман героев книги раскрывает тайны прошлого.

  The forbidden romance of the book's characters reveals secrets of the past.

• Запрещенные вещества в спорте могут привести к дисквалификации.

  Forbidden substances in sports can lead to disqualification.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "запрещенный" and "запретный" are adjectives, which inflect for gender, number, and case in Russian. Adjectives follow standard patterns, with "запрещенный" being a regular first-conjugation adjective derived from the verb "запретить." "Запретный" is also regular but may vary slightly in usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • недозволенный (nedozvolennyy) - Similar but often used for less formal prohibitions.
  • вне закона (vne zakona) - More idiomatic, implying outside the law.
• Antonyms:
  • разрешенный (razreshennyy) - Directly opposite, meaning allowed or permitted.
  • допустимый (dopustimyy) - Meaning acceptable or tolerable in certain contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Под запретом (Pod zapretom) - Under prohibition; used for items or actions that are officially banned.
• Запретная зона (Zapretnaya zona) - Forbidden zone; refers to restricted areas like military sites.
• Запретить вход (Zapretit' vkhod) - To forbid entry; a common phrase for access control.

Usage Notes:

"Запрещенный" directly corresponds to the English "forbidden" in formal contexts, such as legal documents, while "запретный" carries a more nuanced, often emotional or historical connotation. Choose "запрещенный" for straightforward prohibitions and "запретный" for metaphorical uses. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: always inflect based on the noun's gender, number, and case. In spoken Russian, these words are common in official announcements or warnings, but avoid them in casual chit-chat where simpler phrases like "нельзя" (nelzya, meaning "not allowed") might suffice.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "запрещенный" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "запрещенный книга" instead of "запрещенная книга" for a feminine noun like "книга" (book).

  Correct: Always match the adjective to the noun's gender and case. Explanation: Russian requires agreement, unlike English, so this mistake can make sentences sound ungrammatical.

• Error: Confusing "запрещенный" with "запретный" in formal contexts, e.g., using "запретный" in a legal document where "запрещенный" is more appropriate.

  Correct: Use "запрещенный" for direct bans. Explanation: "Запретный" implies a sense of temptation or rarity, which might alter the intended meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "forbidden" often ties to historical events, such as Soviet-era restrictions on information or current laws on censorship. For instance, "запретный" evokes ideas from literature like Pushkin's works, where forbidden love symbolizes rebellion, helping users appreciate the romantic or defiant undertones in Russian media.

Related Concepts:

• закон (zakon) - Law
• табу (tabu) - Taboo
• запрет (zapret) - Prohibition