Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'forbearance'

English Word: forbearance

Key Russian Translations:

• терпение [tʲɪrˈpʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, commonly used in emotional or interpersonal contexts]
• воздержание [vɐzˈdrʐanʲɪje] - [Formal, often in contexts of self-restraint or moral discipline]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations appear regularly in literature, everyday conversations, and formal writing, but not as commonly as basic vocabulary like "love" or "work".)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; learners at this level should grasp the concept with practice, as it involves understanding nuanced emotional states and basic inflection rules in Russian.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

терпение: [tʲɪrˈpʲenʲɪje]

Note on терпение: The stress falls on the third syllable, which is common in Russian nouns. Palatalization of 'т' and 'п' may be challenging for English speakers, as it softens the consonants.

воздержание: [vɐzˈdrʐanʲɪje]

Note on воздержание: The 'ж' sound is a voiced fricative, similar to 'zh' in 'measure', and the word has a rolling 'р' that requires clear articulation. Stress on the second syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Patience or self-control in difficult situations (e.g., enduring hardship without complaint).

Translation(s) & Context:

• терпение - Used in everyday emotional contexts, such as relationships or challenges, where restraint is key. Often formal but can be neutral.
• воздержание - Applied in moral or ethical scenarios, like self-discipline in decision-making; more formal and less common in casual speech.

Usage Examples:

• Он проявил терпение во время долгого ожидания в очереди. (He showed forbearance during the long wait in line.)

  He showed forbearance during the long wait in line.

• В воспитании детей важно научить их терпению в конфликтных ситуациях. (In raising children, it's important to teach them forbearance in conflict situations.)

  In raising children, it's important to teach them forbearance in conflict situations.

• Её воздержание от гнева помогло разрешить спор мирно. (Her forbearance from anger helped resolve the argument peacefully.)

  Her forbearance from anger helped resolve the argument peacefully.

• Несмотря на провокации, он сохранил терпение и не ответил агрессивно. (Despite the provocations, he maintained forbearance and did not respond aggressively.)

  Despite the provocations, he maintained forbearance and did not respond aggressively.

• Воздержание в словах иногда является признаком мудрости. (Forbearance in words is sometimes a sign of wisdom.)

  Forbearance in words is sometimes a sign of wisdom.

Meaning 2: Restraint or tolerance, often in a legal or financial context (e.g., delaying action or payment).

Translation(s) & Context:

• воздержание - Used in formal or professional settings, such as legal agreements or financial decisions, emphasizing self-restraint.

Usage Examples:

• Банк предоставил воздержание по кредиту на несколько месяцев. (The bank granted forbearance on the loan for a few months.)

  The bank granted forbearance on the loan for a few months.

• Его воздержание от судебных действий позволило урегулировать спор. (His forbearance from legal action allowed the dispute to be settled.)

  His forbearance from legal action allowed the dispute to be settled.

• В контракте указано условие о воздержании в случае просрочки. (The contract includes a forbearance clause in case of delay.)

  The contract includes a forbearance clause in case of delay.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For терпение (a neuter noun in the second declension), it follows standard Russian noun inflections. It is invariable in the nominative singular but changes in other cases and numbers as shown below:

For воздержание (also a neuter noun), it has similar inflections but is less commonly used in plural forms:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: выносливость (endurance, similar but emphasizes physical stamina), терпимость (tolerance, with a connotation of acceptance), долготерпение (long-suffering, used for prolonged patience in challenging contexts)
• Antonyms: нетерпение (impatience, direct opposite in emotional contexts), импульсивность (impulsiveness, highlighting lack of restraint)

Related Phrases:

• терпение - ключ к успеху (Patience is the key to success; a common motivational phrase emphasizing endurance in achieving goals.)
• сохранить воздержание (To maintain forbearance; used in contexts of self-control, like in negotiations.)
• терпение и труд всё перетрут (Patience and hard work will overcome everything; a Russian proverb highlighting the value of perseverance.)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, терпение directly corresponds to the emotional aspect of 'forbearance', making it ideal for interpersonal scenarios, while воздержание aligns more with self-restraint in formal or ethical situations. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the genitive case for possession (e.g., "терпение человека" for "a person's forbearance"). Use терпение in everyday language and воздержание in professional contexts to avoid sounding overly formal. Grammatically, these nouns are neuter and follow standard declensions, so pay attention to case agreements in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Confusing терпение with терпимость: Learners might use терпимость (tolerance) when meaning 'forbearance', but the latter implies active restraint. Error: "Я имею терпимость в споре" (incorrect for forbearance). Correct: "Я имею терпение в споре". Explanation: терпимость suggests acceptance of differences, not endurance.
• Improper inflection: Forgetting to change cases, e.g., using nominative in all contexts. Error: "Я думаю о терпение" (should be genitive: "Я думаю о терпении"). Correct: "Я думаю о терпении". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English lacks, so practice declensions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like терпение are deeply rooted in literature and folklore, such as in Tolstoy's works, where forbearance is portrayed as a virtue for overcoming life's hardships. This reflects the historical resilience of Russian society, influenced by events like wars and economic challenges, making it a symbol of national character rather than just a word.

Related Concepts:

• стойкость (resilience)
• самоконтроль (self-control)
• терпимость (tolerance)