Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'finished'

English Word: finished

Key Russian Translations:

• законченный [zəˈkont͡ɕɪnːɨj] - [Adjective, Formal, Used in descriptive contexts]
• завершённый [zəvʲɪrˈʂɛnnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal, Used in completion contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its forms appear regularly in everyday Russian, especially in written and formal speech, but not as commonly as basic verbs.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Learners at this level should understand adjective inflections, but mastering irregular forms may require practice.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

законченный: [zəˈkont͡ɕɪnːɨj]

Note on законченный: The stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

завершённый: [zəvʲɪrˈʂɛnnɨj]

Note on завершённый: The 'ш' sound is retroflex; practice with native audio to distinguish it from similar sounds. This form is often stressed on the second syllable in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Completed or finished (as an adjective describing something that has reached its end).

Translation(s) & Context:

• законченный - Used in formal or written contexts to describe tasks, projects, or works that are fully done, e.g., in academic or professional settings.
• завершённый - Applied in contexts involving finalization, such as events or processes, often in more emphatic or official language.

Usage Examples:

• Работа была законченной к сроку.

  The work was finished by the deadline.

• Книга имеет завершенный сюжет.

  The book has a finished plot.

• Проект оказался законченным раньше, чем ожидалось.

  The project turned out to be finished earlier than expected.

• Её выступление было завершенным и впечатляющим.

  Her performance was finished and impressive.

• Дом был полностью законченным после ремонта.

  The house was completely finished after the renovation.

Meaning 2: Ended or concluded (implying a process has stopped).

Translation(s) & Context:

• законченный - Common in everyday contexts for describing the end of an activity or state.
• завершённый - Often used in narrative or reflective contexts, such as in literature or discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Встреча законченная, все расходятся.

  The meeting is finished, everyone is leaving.

• Игра была завершенной в дополнительное время.

  The game was finished in extra time.

• Курс обучения оказался законченным за три месяца.

  The training course was finished in three months.

• Фильм имеет завершенный финал.

  The movie has a finished ending.

• Разговор был законченным и продуктивным.

  The conversation was finished and productive.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "законченный" and "завершённый" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow standard patterns for first-declension adjectives, with some irregularities in spelling due to consonant clusters.

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form (e.g., закончен for masculine), which is used in predicate positions. They are regular but require attention to soft signs and vowel changes.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • оконченный (okanchennyi) - Similar to завершённый, often used interchangeably in informal contexts.
  • завершённый - No significant difference from законченный in basic usage, but preferred for processes.
• Antonyms:
  • незаконченный (nezakanchennyi) - Unfinished or incomplete.
  • незавершённый (nezavershennyi) - Not finalized, often in ongoing projects.

Related Phrases:

• закончить работу - To finish work; Used in professional contexts to indicate task completion.
• завершить проект - To complete a project; Common in business or creative settings for finalizing endeavors.
• окончить дело - To end a matter; An idiomatic phrase implying resolution of an issue.

Usage Notes:

"Finished" in English often corresponds to "законченный" or "завершённый" in Russian, but choose based on context: use "законченный" for general completion and "завершённый" for more formal or process-oriented scenarios. These adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, which is a key grammatical feature in Russian. Avoid using them in informal speech where verbs like "закончить" might be more natural. For English learners, pay attention to the stress and palatalization to sound natural.

• In formal writing, "завершённый" can add emphasis on achievement.
• If the context involves ongoing actions, consider related verbs instead.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the base form without inflection, e.g., saying "работа законченный" instead of "работа законченная" for feminine nouns. Correct: работа законченная. Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender; this mistake often stems from direct translation habits.
• Error: Confusing with synonyms, e.g., using "оконченный" when "завершённый" is more appropriate for finality. Correct: Choose based on context to avoid nuance loss. Explanation: While similar, "завершённый" implies a more deliberate conclusion.
• Error: Mispronouncing the stressed syllables, leading to incomprehensibility. Correct: Practice IPA [zəˈkont͡ɕɪnːɨj] for accurate stress. Explanation: English speakers may overlook Russian stress patterns, affecting communication.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "законченный" often carry a sense of precision and completion, reflecting the language's emphasis on detail in contexts like literature or engineering. For instance, in Russian literature (e.g., Tolstoy's works), "завершённый" might describe a character's arc, highlighting the cultural value placed on thoroughness and resolution in storytelling.

Related Concepts:

• начатый (nachatyi) - Started or begun.
• продолжающийся (prodolzhayushchiysya) - Ongoing or continuing.
• завершение (zavershenie) - Completion or finale.