Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'fetus'

English Word: fetus

Key Russian Translations:

• плод [ˈploːt] - [Formal, Medical context]
• эмбрион [ɪmˈbrʲiən] - [Formal, Scientific context, Plural: эмбрионы]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and biological discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with biological terminology. For "плод", B2; For "эмбрион", C1 due to more specialized use)

Pronunciation (Russian):

плод: [ˈploːt]

эмбрион: [ɪmˈbrʲiən]

Note on плод: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on эмбрион: Pronounce the 'рʲ' as a palatalized 'r', common in Russian but absent in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: An unborn offspring of a mammal, especially a human more than eight weeks after conception.

Translation(s) & Context:

• плод - Used in formal medical or biological contexts, often referring to later stages of development.
• эмбрион - Applied in scientific contexts for earlier stages, with a focus on embryonic development.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи тщательно отслеживают развитие плода во время беременности.

  Doctors carefully monitor the development of the fetus during pregnancy.

• Эмбрион проходит несколько этапов роста в первые недели после зачатия.

  The embryo goes through several stages of growth in the first weeks after conception.

• Исследования показывают, что плод реагирует на звуки извне уже на поздних сроках.

  Studies show that the fetus responds to external sounds in the later stages.

• В современной медицине эмбрион изучается с помощью ультразвука для выявления аномалий.

  In modern medicine, the embryo is examined using ultrasound to detect anomalies.

• Плод матери может быть подвержен риску из-за вредных привычек родителей.

  The fetus of the mother may be at risk due to the parents' harmful habits.

Meaning 2: Figurative use, e.g., in metaphorical contexts (less common for "fetus").

Translation(s) & Context:

• плод - Rarely used metaphorically, e.g., in literary contexts to imply something in development.

Usage Examples:

• Этот проект — как плод, который ещё не созрел.

  This project is like a fetus that hasn't fully developed yet.

• Эмбрион новой идеи нуждается в тщательной проработке.

  The embryo of a new idea requires careful development.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "плод" and "эмбрион" are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard masculine declension patterns. "Плод" is a third-declension noun with some irregularities, while "эмбрион" is more regular.

Note: "Плод" does not change in the accusative singular, which is a common pattern for masculine nouns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • эмбрион (similar to above, but more for early stages)
  • зародыш (embryo, with a nuance of initial development)
• Antonyms:
  • взрослый (adult, implying full development)
  • ребенок (child, post-birth stage)

Related Phrases:

• Плод беременности - Refers to the fetus during pregnancy, meaning "fetus of pregnancy."
• Развитие эмбриона - Common phrase for "embryo development," used in scientific contexts.
• Внутриутробный плод - Means "in-utero fetus," emphasizing the prenatal stage.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "плод" is the most direct equivalent to "fetus" in medical contexts, but it can also mean "fruit" in everyday language, so context is key to avoid confusion. Use "эмбрион" for earlier developmental stages. Both are formal; avoid in casual conversation. When translating, choose based on the specific stage: "плод" for after 8 weeks, "эмбрион" for before. Grammatically, these nouns require correct case agreement with prepositions, e.g., "о плоде" (about the fetus).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "плод" interchangeably with "эмбрион" without considering developmental stages. Correct: In Russian medical texts, specify the stage; e.g., Incorrect: "Эмбрион на 10 неделе" (for a 10-week fetus); Correct: "Плод на 10 неделе". Explanation: "Эмбрион" typically refers to up to 8 weeks, while "плод" is for later.

• Error: Forgetting case changes, e.g., saying "развитие плод" instead of "развитие плода". Correct: Always decline the noun based on its role in the sentence. Explanation: Russian requires nouns to agree in case, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like "плод" carry a neutral, scientific connotation, often used in health and family discussions. However, in broader contexts, such as literature or folklore, they can symbolize potential or new beginnings, reflecting themes in Russian literature (e.g., in works by Tolstoy, where embryonic ideas represent growth).

Related Concepts:

• беременность (pregnancy)
• роды (childbirth)
• зародыш (embryo in early stages)