Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'fatigue'

English Word: fatigue

Key Russian Translations:

• усталость /ʊˈstalnəsʲtʲ/ - [Formal, Noun; Used in general, medical, or everyday contexts]
• уставший /ʊˈstavʂɨj/ - [Informal, Adjective; Used to describe a state of tiredness]
• утомление /ʊtɐmˈlʲenʲje/ - [Formal, Noun; Used in literary or technical contexts, such as material fatigue]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversations, literature, and medical discussions, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "to be").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of noun declensions and adjective agreements. For "усталость", it's B1; for "уставший", it's A2 due to its common use.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

усталость: /ʊˈstalnəsʲtʲ/ (The stress is on the second syllable; note the palatalized 's' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.)

уставший: /ʊˈstavʂɨj/ (Emphasize the 'sh' sound in 'stav' and the soft 'j' at the end; common in spoken Russian.)

утомление: /ʊtɐmˈlʲenʲje/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'lʲ' is a soft 'l', often challenging for beginners.)

Note on усталость: This word has a subtle vowel reduction in fast speech, where unstressed vowels may sound weaker, e.g., /ʊstalnəsʲtʲ/ becomes more like /ʊstəlnəsʲtʲ/.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Physical or mental tiredness (e.g., exhaustion from work or daily life)

Translation(s) & Context:

• усталость - Used in formal or everyday contexts to describe a state of weariness, often in health-related discussions.
• уставший - Informal adjective form, applied to people or objects to indicate fatigue in casual conversations.

Usage Examples:

• После длинного дня на работе я ощущаю сильную усталость.

  After a long day at work, I feel strong fatigue.

• Он был уставший после пробежки, но продолжал тренироваться.

  He was fatigued after the run but kept training.

• Усталость от повседневных забот иногда приводит к стрессу.

  Fatigue from everyday worries sometimes leads to stress.

• Врачи рекомендуют отдых для борьбы с хронической усталостью.

  Doctors recommend rest to combat chronic fatigue.

• После бессонной ночи она чувствовала себя уставшей и раздражённой.

  After a sleepless night, she felt fatigued and irritated.

Material or mechanical fatigue (e.g., in engineering or military contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• утомление - Used in technical or scientific contexts, such as metal fatigue in engineering.

Usage Examples:

• Металлическое утомление может привести к аварии в конструкции.

  Fatigue in metal can lead to a structural failure.

• Инженеры изучают утомление материалов для предотвращения катастроф.

  Engineers study material fatigue to prevent disasters.

• Утомление от частых нагрузок ослабляет прочность моста.

  Fatigue from repeated stresses weakens the bridge's strength.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Усталость" is a feminine noun in the first declension group, which follows regular patterns. It changes based on case and number. "Уставший" is an adjective that agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. "Утомление" is also a neuter noun with regular declensions.

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregularities, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: утомление (more formal, often for exhaustion), изнеможение (extreme fatigue, with a connotation of complete depletion)
• Antonyms: бодрость (freshness or vigor, used in positive contexts), энергия (energy, contrasting with physical tiredness)

Related Phrases:

• Боевой дух - Refers to combat fatigue in military contexts; literally "fighting spirit" but implies exhaustion in battle.
• Хроническая усталость - Chronic fatigue syndrome; a common phrase in health discussions.
• Усталость от жизни - Fatigue of life; an idiomatic expression for existential weariness.

Usage Notes:

"Усталость" directly corresponds to the noun form of "fatigue" in English, especially for physical or mental exhaustion, and is preferred in formal writing. Use "уставший" as an adjective to describe someone or something tired, ensuring it agrees with the noun's gender, number, and case. In casual speech, Russians might opt for simpler verbs like "уставать" (to get tired). Be mindful of context: "утомление" is better for technical scenarios. When choosing between translations, select based on register—formal for professional settings and informal for daily conversations.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking "уставший" (adjective) for "усталость" (noun): English learners often use "уставший" where a noun is needed, e.g., saying "Я чувствую уставший" instead of "Я чувствую усталость." Correct: Use "усталость" as the noun. Error example: "Я имею уставший" (wrong); Right: "Я испытываю усталость."
• Overusing "утомление" in everyday talk: This sounds overly formal; beginners might say "утомление от работы" when "усталость от работы" is more natural. Error: "Я имею утомление"; Right: "У меня усталость."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts of fatigue like "усталость" are often tied to the harsh climate and historical endurance, such as long winters or demanding work traditions. For instance, expressions like "усталость от жизни" reflect a philosophical resignation influenced by literature from authors like Chekhov, emphasizing resilience in the face of life's weariness.

Related Concepts:

• стресс
• выгорание
• изнеможение