Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'fascism'

English Word: fascism

Key Russian Translations:

• фашизм [ˈfaʂɨzm] - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in political discussions, historical contexts, and academic texts, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of political vocabulary and Russian phonetics, as it is a borrowed word from Italian via English)

Pronunciation (Russian):

фашизм: [ˈfaʂɨzm]

Note on фашизм: The 'ш' sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, similar to the 'sh' in English "shoe," but more emphatic. Stress falls on the first syllable. Variations may occur in regional accents, such as in Southern Russian dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

Translation(s) & Context:

• фашизм - Used in formal political, historical, or academic contexts to describe authoritarian regimes, often with negative connotations in modern Russian discourse.

Usage Examples:

• В XX веке фашизм стал одной из главных угроз мировому порядку.

  In the 20th century, fascism became one of the main threats to world order.

• Многие историки изучают, как фашизм возник в Европе после Первой мировой войны.

  Many historians study how fascism emerged in Europe after the First World War.

• В современной России фашизм осуждается как опасная идеология, противоречащая демократическим ценностям.

  In modern Russia, fascism is condemned as a dangerous ideology that contradicts democratic values.

• Фашизм часто ассоциируется с милитаризмом и национализмом в исторических текстах.

  Fascism is often associated with militarism and nationalism in historical texts.

• Критики утверждают, что элементы фашизма могут проявляться в авторитарных режимах сегодня.

  Critics argue that elements of fascism can manifest in authoritarian regimes today.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Фашизм' is a masculine noun of the second declension in Russian, borrowed from Italian. It follows standard noun inflection patterns but is invariable in plural forms as it typically refers to the concept as a whole. Below is a table of its declensions:

Note: As a modern loanword, it does not have irregular forms, but the plural is infrequently used and may vary in formal writing.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • тоталитаризм (totalitarism) - Often used interchangeably but emphasizes state control more broadly.
  • авторитаризм (authoritarianism) - Similar but less extreme, applicable to non-fascist regimes.
• Antonyms:
  • демократия (democracy) - Represents the opposite system with emphasis on individual freedoms.
  • либерализм (liberalism) - Focuses on individual rights and limited government, contrasting fascist centralization.

Related Phrases:

• фашистский режим - A fascist regime; Used to describe authoritarian governments modeled after historical fascism.
• антифашистская борьба - Anti-fascist struggle; Refers to movements or efforts against fascist ideologies, often in historical contexts.
• фашистская идеология - Fascist ideology; Common in discussions about the core principles of fascism.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'фашизм' directly corresponds to the English 'fascism' and is typically used in formal or academic settings to avoid ambiguity. It carries strong negative connotations due to Russia's historical experiences, such as World War II. When choosing between synonyms like 'тоталитаризм', opt for 'фашизм' if the context specifically involves ultra-nationalism or Mussolini-style fascism. Be cautious with informal usage, as it can be politically charged; in everyday conversation, it might be replaced with less direct terms to maintain neutrality. Grammatically, it functions as a masculine noun and requires appropriate adjective agreement (e.g., 'фашистский' for adjectives).

Common Errors:

• Mispronouncing the word: Learners often say [faˈʃizm] instead of [ˈfaʂɨzm], softening the 'ш' sound. Correct: Use a strong 'sh' as in Russian. Example of error: Saying "фашизим" (incorrect stress); Correct: "фашизм" with stress on the first syllable.
• Confusing with similar words: English speakers might mix it with 'фетишизм' (fetishism). Error: Using 'фашизм' to mean personal obsessions; Correct: Use 'фетишизм' for that context, and reserve 'фашизм' for political ideology.
• Improper declension: Forgetting to change the ending in genitive case. Error: Saying "of фашизм" instead of "of фашизма"; Correct: "фашизма" in genitive constructions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'фашизм' is heavily associated with the atrocities of Nazi Germany during World War II, given the Soviet Union's significant role in defeating fascism. This historical context often imbues the word with patriotic undertones in Russian media and education, where it symbolizes evil overcome through collective effort. However, in contemporary discussions, it can be controversially applied to modern politics, reflecting ongoing sensitivities around nationalism and authoritarianism in Russia.

Related Concepts:

• коммунизм (communism)
• капитализм (capitalism)
• национализм (nationalism)
• тоталитаризм (totalitarianism)