Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'facsimile'

English Word: facsimile

Key Russian Translations:

• факсимиле [fɐkˈsʲimʲɪlʲe] - [Formal, Technical; Used in contexts involving reproductions or historical documents]
• копия [ˈkopʲɪjə] - [Informal; Used more generally for copies, but less precise for 'facsimile' in technical senses]

Frequency: Low (This term is not commonly used in everyday Russian; it's more prevalent in professional, historical, or technical contexts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Learners at this level should recognize it in reading, but producing it correctly requires familiarity with loanwords and noun inflections. For 'копия', it's A2 for basic forms.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

факсимиле: [fɐkˈsʲimʲɪlʲe]

копия: [ˈkopʲɪjə]

Note on факсимиле: The stress is on the third syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'sʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: An exact copy or reproduction of a document, image, or object (e.g., in historical or technical contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• факсимиле - Used in formal or academic settings for precise replicas, such as in archives or publishing.
• копия - Applied in everyday contexts, but implies a less exact copy; often used informally.

Usage Examples:

• Этот музей выставляет факсимиле древних манускриптов для посетителей.

  This museum displays facsimiles of ancient manuscripts for visitors.

• В архиве хранится оригинал и его факсимиле для исследования.

  In the archive, the original and its facsimile are stored for research.

• Я заказал копию контракта, но мне нужна точная факсимиле с подписью.

  I ordered a copy of the contract, but I need an exact facsimile with the signature.

• Факсимиле этой картины позволяет изучать детали без риска повреждения оригинала.

  The facsimile of this painting allows studying the details without risking damage to the original.

Meaning 2: A transmission of documents via fax machine (outdated technology)

Translation(s) & Context:

• факсимиле - Specifically refers to the fax transmission process in older business contexts.
• копия - Less common here; might be used interchangeably in informal digital copying.

Usage Examples:

• В 90-е годы факсимиле было основным способом отправки документов.

  In the 90s, facsimile was the primary way of sending documents.

• Он отправил факсимиле контракта по старому номеру.

  He sent a facsimile of the contract via the old fax number.

• Современные устройства могут создавать факсимиле в цифровом формате.

  Modern devices can create facsimiles in digital format.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Факсимиле' is a neuter noun and follows the standard third-declension pattern for loanwords, with some irregularities due to its foreign origin. It is indeclinable in most cases, meaning it doesn't change form in different cases.

For 'копия', a feminine noun, it follows regular first-declension patterns:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • копия (more general, often used for everyday copies)
  • реплика (implies a replica, with subtle differences in artistic contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • оригинал (original, contrasting with any copy)

Related Phrases:

• отправить факсимиле - To send a facsimile (used in outdated business communication; context: formal correspondence).
• точная копия - An exact copy (implies precision, similar to facsimile; context: legal or artistic reproduction).
• факсимиле документа - Facsimile of a document (common in archival work; context: historical preservation).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'факсимиле' is a direct loanword from English/French and is best used in formal or technical contexts to denote an exact reproduction, unlike 'копия' which is more versatile but less precise. English speakers should note that Russian nouns like these require attention to case (e.g., use in genitive for possession). When choosing between translations, opt for 'факсимиле' for historical or artistic replicas and 'копия' for general copying. Avoid overusing in casual speech, as it may sound overly formal.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'факсимиле' interchangeably with 'копия' without considering context. For example, a learner might say "Я сделал факсимиле фото" when meaning a simple photo copy, which sounds awkward.

  Correct: "Я сделал копию фото" (I made a copy of the photo). Explanation: 'Факсимиле' implies exactness, so reserve it for precise reproductions to avoid sounding pretentious.

• Error: Forgetting that 'факсимиле' is often indeclinable, leading to incorrect forms like "факсимилес" in plural. Correct: Stick to "факсимиле" even in plural contexts. Explanation: This is common with loanwords; check the word's origin for inflection rules.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'факсимиле' often appears in historical and literary contexts, such as in museums or when discussing rare books. It reflects Russia's emphasis on preserving cultural heritage, where exact reproductions are valued for education without risking originals, especially in the post-Soviet era of digitization.

Related Concepts:

• оригинал
• реплика
• копировальная машина