Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exploitation'

English Word: exploitation

Key Russian Translations:

• эксплуатация [ɛkspɫʊˈat͡sɨjə] - [Formal, Technical/Economic]
• эксплуатирование [ɛkspɫʊətʲɪˈrəvanʲɪje] - [Formal, Less common, Used in legal or business contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in professional, academic, and economic discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary; for 'эксплуатация', it's straightforward, but 'эксплуатирование' may vary by context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

эксплуатация: [ɛkspɫʊˈat͡sɨjə]

эксплуатирование: [ɛkspɫʊətʲɪˈrəvanʲɪje]

Note on эксплуатация: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("ta"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to Russian's variable stress patterns. Pronunciation can soften in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The act of making use of and benefiting from resources (e.g., economic or natural resources)

Translation(s) & Context:

• эксплуатация - Used in formal contexts like business, industry, or environmental discussions, often implying sustainable or extractive use.

Usage Examples:

• В компании уделяют большое внимание экологически чистой эксплуатации природных ресурсов.

  In the company, great attention is paid to the environmentally friendly exploitation of natural resources.

• Экономическая эксплуатация этого региона привела к значительному росту производства.

  The economic exploitation of this region has led to significant production growth.

• Правительство ввело новые правила для предотвращения чрезмерной эксплуатации лесов.

  The government has introduced new rules to prevent excessive exploitation of forests.

• Безответственная эксплуатация машин может привести к авариям.

  Irresponsible exploitation of machinery can lead to accidents.

2. The act of treating someone unfairly for personal gain (e.g., labor exploitation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• эксплуатация - Often carries a negative connotation in social or ethical contexts, such as human rights discussions.
• эксплуатирование - Used in legal settings to describe exploitative practices.

Usage Examples:

• Эти фабрики известны своей эксплуатацией рабочих в развивающихся странах.

  These factories are known for their exploitation of workers in developing countries.

• Социальные реформы направлены на прекращение эксплуатации уязвимых групп населения.

  Social reforms are aimed at stopping the exploitation of vulnerable population groups.

• Эксплуатирование детей в индустрии запрещено международными конвенциями.

  The exploitation of children in industry is prohibited by international conventions.

• Многие мигранты подвергаются эксплуатации на рынке труда.

  Many migrants are subjected to exploitation in the labor market.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'эксплуатация' is a feminine noun in the first declension. It follows standard Russian noun patterns with regular inflections based on case and number. 'эксплуатирование' is a neuter noun and also follows regular patterns but is less common.

For 'эксплуатирование', it is similar but neuter: Nominative singular is 'эксплуатирование', Genitive singular is 'эксплуатирования', etc. Both are regular and do not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • использование (usage, more neutral)
  • применение (application, in technical contexts)
  • выжимание (squeezing out, implying harsh exploitation; with a negative connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • сохранение (preservation)
  • защита (protection)
  • воздержание (restraint)

Note: 'использование' is a milder synonym often used in everyday contexts, while 'выжимание' highlights unethical aspects.

Related Phrases:

• Экологическая эксплуатация - Ecological exploitation (Refers to sustainable use of resources in environmental contexts).
• Экономическая эксплуатация - Economic exploitation (Common in business discussions, implying resource utilization for profit).
• Социальная эксплуатация - Social exploitation (Used to describe unfair treatment in societal structures).

Usage Notes:

• Экономическое использование 'эксплуатация' directly corresponds to the English 'exploitation' in contexts like resource management, but it can carry a neutral or positive tone in Russian (e.g., efficient use), unlike the often negative English connotation.
• In formal or academic settings, prefer 'эксплуатация' over 'эксплуатирование' for brevity and commonality.
• Be mindful of case endings; for example, in prepositional phrases, use the genitive form like 'эксплуатации'.
• When choosing between translations, use 'эксплуатирование' for processes involving ongoing action, such as in legal documents.

Common Errors:

• English speakers often confuse 'эксплуатация' with 'эксплуатировать' (the verb form of 'to exploit'). Error: Using 'эксплуатировать' as a noun. Correct: Stick to 'эксплуатация' for nominal forms. Example of error: "Я сделал эксплуатировать" (incorrect); Correct: "Я занимаюсь эксплуатацией" (I am involved in exploitation).
• Misapplying case endings, e.g., using nominative in accusative contexts. Error: "Я вижу эксплуатация" (wrong); Correct: "Я вижу эксплуатацию". This stems from English's lack of cases.
• Overusing in informal speech; 'эксплуатация' is formal, so it may sound awkward in casual talk—opt for simpler synonyms like 'использование' instead.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, 'эксплуатация' often appears in discussions of Soviet-era industrialization, where it referred to the intensive use of resources and labor for national development. This can carry mixed connotations, symbolizing both progress and the hardships of workers, reflecting broader themes in Russian literature and social critique, such as in works by authors like Maxim Gorky.

Related Concepts:

• ресурсы (resources)
• труд (labor)
• экономика (economy)
• экология (ecology)