Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exogenous'

English Word: exogenous

Key Russian Translations:

• экзогенный [ɪk.zɐˈɡɛn.nɨj] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like science and economics; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with Russian adjective declensions and technical vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

экзогенный: [ɪk.zɐˈɡɛn.nɨj]

Note on экзогенный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ɡɛn"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the soft 'н' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Originating from or due to external causes (e.g., in biology or economics)

Translation(s) & Context:

• экзогенный - Used in formal, scientific contexts to describe factors or variables that come from outside a system, such as external influences in economic models.

Usage Examples:

• В экономике экзогенные факторы, такие как глобальные цены на нефть, могут повлиять на национальную валюту.

  In economics, exogenous factors, such as global oil prices, can influence the national currency.

• Экзогенный вирус проникает в организм извне и вызывает инфекцию.

  An exogenous virus enters the body from outside and causes infection.

• В моделировании экзогенные переменные задаются извне системы для симуляции реальных условий.

  In modeling, exogenous variables are set from outside the system to simulate real conditions.

• Экзогенный шок, например, природная катастрофа, может нарушить баланс экосистемы.

  An exogenous shock, such as a natural disaster, can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem.

Meaning 2: Not inherent or internal (e.g., in general scientific discourse)

Translation(s) & Context:

• экзогенный - Applied in broader contexts where something is introduced from an external source, often in academic or research settings.

Usage Examples:

• Экзогенный источник энергии, как солнечный свет, необходим для фотосинтеза.

  An exogenous source of energy, like sunlight, is necessary for photosynthesis.

• В психологии экзогенные стимулы из внешней среды влияют на поведение индивида.

  In psychology, exogenous stimuli from the external environment influence an individual's behavior.

• Экзогенные вещества в пище могут привести к аллергическим реакциям.

  Exogenous substances in food can lead to allergic reactions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Экзогенный is an adjective in Russian and follows the standard adjectival declension patterns. It is a borrowed word and declines regularly based on gender, number, and case. Below is a table outlining its inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic adjective rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • внешний (vneshniy) - More general term for "external," but less precise in scientific contexts.
  • чужеродный (chuzherodnyy) - Implies something foreign or alien, often used in biological contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • эндогенный (endogennyy) - Refers to internal or inherent factors.

Related Phrases:

• Экзогенные факторы (Exogenous factors) - Refers to external variables influencing a system, commonly used in economic analysis.
• Экзогенный шок (Exogenous shock) - Describes a sudden external event, such as a market crash, in financial contexts.
• Экзогенная переменная (Exogenous variable) - A term in mathematics or statistics for variables determined outside the model.

Usage Notes:

• Экзогенный is a direct borrowing from English/Greek roots and is most appropriate in formal, academic, or technical writing. It doesn't have everyday equivalents, so use it only in professional contexts to maintain precision.
• When translating "exogenous," ensure the context matches; for instance, in biology, it aligns closely with "external" factors, but in economics, it might require additional explanation.
• Grammar tip: Always decline the adjective according to the noun it modifies, as Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case.
• If multiple translations are possible, choose экзогенный for scientific accuracy over more general synonyms like внешний to avoid ambiguity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the word without proper declension, e.g., saying "экзогенный" in all cases regardless of the noun (e.g., *экзогенный женщина* instead of экзогенная женщина).
  Correct: Ensure agreement, as in "экзогенная переменная." Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender, number, and case; this is a common mistake for English speakers used to invariable adjectives.
• Error: Confusing it with эндогенный, leading to misuse in contexts like *экзогенный внутренний фактор*.
  Correct: Use эндогенный for internal factors. Explanation: These terms are opposites, so misapplication can alter the meaning entirely in scientific discussions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific and academic discourse, terms like экзогенный reflect the influence of Western scientific traditions, particularly from English and German sources. It's often used in fields like economics and biology without strong cultural connotations, but it highlights Russia's integration into global scientific communities, especially post-Soviet era reforms.

Related Concepts:

• эндогенный (endogennyy)
• внешний фактор (vneshniy faktor)
• чужеродный агент (chuzherodnyy agent)