Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exempt'

English Word: exempt

Key Russian Translations:

• освобожденный [ɐsvɐˈboʐdʲɪnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal]
• освободить [ɐsvɐbɐˈdʲitʲ] - [Verb, Formal, Used in contexts involving action or process]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, administrative, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of adjective and verb inflections, per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

освобожденный: [ɐsvɐˈboʐdʲɪnɨj]

Note on освобожденный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("bo"), and the 'zh' sound (as in 'measure') can be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

освободить: [ɐsvɐbɐˈdʲitʲ]

Note on освободить: The final 'tʲ' is a palatalized 't', which softens the sound; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Not subject to a particular rule, obligation, or tax (Adjective form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• освобожденный - Used in formal contexts like legal documents or official exemptions, e.g., tax relief.

Usage Examples:

• Этот товар освобожденный от налога на добавленную стоимость.

  This item is exempt from value-added tax.

• Студенты освобожденные от платы за обучение получают стипендию.

  Students who are exempt from tuition fees receive a scholarship.

• В некоторых странах автомобили освобожденные от экологических ограничений.

  In some countries, vehicles are exempt from environmental restrictions.

• Освобожденные от воинской обязанности граждане могут заниматься гражданской работой.

  Citizens exempt from military service can engage in civilian work.

• Если вы освобожденный от уплаты штрафов, это указано в документах.

  If you are exempt from paying fines, it is stated in the documents.

Meaning 2: To free or release from an obligation (Verb form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• освободить - Used in action-oriented contexts, such as granting an exemption or freeing someone, often in bureaucratic or everyday scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство решило освободить малый бизнес от дополнительных налогов.

  The government decided to exempt small businesses from additional taxes.

• Суд освободил его от обязательной службы по медицинским причинам.

  The court exempted him from mandatory service for medical reasons.

• Компания освободила сотрудников от работы в выходные дни.

  The company exempted employees from working on weekends.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "освобожденный" (adjective), it follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns, changing by gender, number, and case. It is a short-form adjective in some contexts but primarily long-form.

For "освободить" (verb), it is a first-conjugation verb with regular inflections. Past tense: освободил (masc.), освободила (fem.); Future: освобожу, etc. It does not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: исключаемый (isklyuchaemyj) - Often used in exclusion contexts; неподлежащий (nepodlezhashchiy) - Implies not subject to rules.
• Antonyms: подлежащий (podlezhashchiy) - Directly opposite, meaning subject to; обязанный (obyazannyj) - Implies obligated or required.

Related Phrases:

• освобождение от налогов - Exemption from taxes; Commonly used in financial or legal discussions to indicate relief from obligations.
• освободить от ответственности - To exempt from responsibility; Applied in contexts like legal waivers or ethical decisions.
• быть освобожденным от долга - To be exempt from debt; Refers to situations in bankruptcy or forgiveness scenarios.

Usage Notes:

"Освобожденный" is primarily an adjective and should be used to describe a state of exemption, while "освободить" is the verb form for the action of exempting. Choose based on context: use the adjective for static descriptions (e.g., in laws) and the verb for dynamic actions. Be mindful of formal register, as these words are more common in official Russian than casual speech. In English-Russian translation, "exempt" often aligns with "освобожденный" in passive senses.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "освободить" when an adjective is needed, e.g., saying "Я освободить от налогов" instead of "Я освобожденный от налогов." Correct: The adjective form is required for descriptions. Explanation: Verbs and adjectives are not interchangeable; this confuses the sentence structure.
• Mistake: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using "освобожденный" in the wrong case, like nominative in a genitive context. Correct: Match the case, e.g., "освобожденного" for genitive. Explanation: Russian requires agreement in case, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and bureaucracy, exemptions like "освобожденный" are prevalent in areas such as taxation and military service, reflecting a history of state-controlled systems. For instance, during Soviet times, many citizens were "exempt" from certain duties based on social status, which can add a layer of historical connotation to the word in modern usage.

Related Concepts:

• налог
• обязанность
• исключение