Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exchequer'

English Word: exchequer

Key Russian Translations:

• казна [ˈkaznə] - [Formal, Historical]
• эксчекер [ɛksˈtʃɛkər] - [Formal, Proper Noun, Used in historical or British contexts]
• казначейство [kəznəˈtʃɛjstvə] - [Formal, Administrative]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and appears infrequently in everyday Russian, primarily in historical, financial, or governmental discussions.)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B2) - Requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary; varies slightly by translation (e.g., "казна" is B2 due to its inflections, while "эксчекер" is B1 as a borrowed term).

Pronunciation (Russian):

казна: [ˈkaznə]

эксчекер: [ɛksˈtʃɛkər]

казначейство: [kəznəˈtʃɛjstvə]

Note on казна: The stress is on the first syllable; be cautious with the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. A common variation in fast speech might soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The British government department responsible for finance, often historical (e.g., the Exchequer as a treasury or court).

Translation(s) & Context:

• казна - Used in formal or historical contexts to refer to a state treasury, emphasizing financial storage or management.
• эксчекер - Employed when directly referencing the British Exchequer, often in translations of English texts or academic discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В средневековой Англии эксчекер играл ключевую роль в управлении финансами.

  In medieval England, the exchequer played a key role in managing finances.

• Государственная казна была переполнена после успешного урожая.

  The state exchequer was overflowing after a successful harvest.

• Эксчекер Великобритании исторически контролировал королевские расходы.

  The Exchequer of the United Kingdom historically controlled royal expenditures.

• Современное казначейство эволюционировало из старой системы эксчекера.

  The modern treasury has evolved from the old exchequer system.

• В документах упомянута казна как источник государственных доходов.

  In the documents, the exchequer is mentioned as a source of state revenues.

Meaning 2: Figuratively, any financial authority or treasury in a broader sense.

Translation(s) & Context:

• казначейство - Used in modern administrative contexts to denote a treasury department, similar to a national exchequer.

Usage Examples:

• Казначейство страны ответственно за распределение бюджета.

  The exchequer of the country is responsible for budget allocation.

• В этой компании эксчекер аналогичен финансовому отделу.

  In this company, the exchequer is analogous to the finance department.

• Казначейство подверглось аудиту из-за подозрений в коррупции.

  The exchequer underwent an audit due to suspicions of corruption.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "казна" (feminine noun, 1st declension):

"эксчекер" is an indeclinable noun (as a proper noun or borrowed term), so it remains unchanged in all cases: эксчекер.

"казначейство" (neuter noun, follows standard patterns) is also indeclinable in most contexts but can vary: Nominative singular - казначейство; Genitive singular - казначейства.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сокровищница (treasury, more poetic)
  • финансы (finances, broader term)
  • бюджет (budget, in administrative contexts; note: implies planning rather than storage)
• Antonyms:
  • долг (debt)
  • расход (expenditure)

Related Phrases:

• Государственная казна - State exchequer (refers to national financial reserves).
• Эксчекер двора - Court exchequer (historical phrase for royal treasury).
• Казначейский контроль - Exchequer control (implies oversight of finances).

Usage Notes:

"Exchequer" translates most accurately to "казна" in historical contexts, but "эксчекер" is used for direct references to the British system. English learners should note that Russian equivalents often carry a more formal tone and are less common in casual speech. When choosing between translations, opt for "казначейство" in modern administrative settings. Grammatically, ensure proper declension for nouns like "казна" to match case requirements in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "казна" without proper declension, e.g., saying "из казна" instead of "из казны" (from the exchequer).
  Correct: "Из казны были выделены средства." (Funds were allocated from the exchequer.)
  Explanation: Russian requires genitive case after prepositions like "из," so learners must adjust for case.
• Error: Confusing "эксчекер" with "казначейство" in historical texts, leading to modern connotations.
  Correct: Use "эксчекер" for British-specific history; "казначейство" for general treasury.
  Explanation: This mix-up can alter the historical accuracy of the statement.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "казна" often evokes images of imperial treasuries from tsarist Russia, similar to the British Exchequer. It symbolizes state wealth and power, appearing in literature like Tolstoy's works, where it highlights themes of governance and corruption. Understanding this helps English speakers grasp the historical parallels between Anglo-Russian financial systems.

Related Concepts:

• бюджет
• налоги
• финансовая система