Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'evolve'

English Word: evolve

Key Russian Translations:

• эволюционировать [ɪ.və.lu.t͡sɪ.jə.nʲɪ.rə.'va.tʲ] - [Formal, Scientific context]
• эволюция [ɪ.və.'lu.t͡sɪ.jə] - [Formal, Noun form, Used in discussions of development or biology]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, academic, and technical contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary and verb conjugations; for 'эволюционировать', it may be more challenging due to its borrowed nature, while 'эволюция' is slightly easier as a noun)

Pronunciation (Russian):

эволюционировать: [ɪ.və.lu.t͡sɪ.jə.nʲɪ.rə.'va.tʲ]

эволюция: [ɪ.və.'lu.t͡sɪ.jə]

Note on эволюционировать: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ('va.tʲ'), which can be tricky for learners; pronounce it with a soft 'tʲ' sound, common in Russian verbs. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form (Verb form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• эволюционировать - Used in formal or scientific contexts, such as biology or technology, to describe gradual change over time.

Usage Examples:

• В природе виды эволюционируют под влиянием окружающей среды.

  In nature, species evolve under the influence of the environment.

• Технологии эволюционируют быстро, что делает их устаревшими за считанные годы.

  Technologies evolve quickly, making them obsolete in just a few years.

• Человеческое общество эволюционирует через социальные реформы и инновации.

  Human society evolves through social reforms and innovations.

• В ходе эксперимента бактерии эволюционируют, адаптируясь к новым условиям.

  During the experiment, bacteria evolve, adapting to new conditions.

• Идеи эволюционируют от простых концепций к сложным теориям.

  Ideas evolve from simple concepts to complex theories.

Meaning 2: The process of development or change (Noun form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• эволюция - Used as a noun in academic or descriptive contexts, often referring to biological or historical progression.

Usage Examples:

• Эволюция человека – это результат миллионов лет естественного отбора.

  The evolution of humans is the result of millions of years of natural selection.

• В истории науки эволюция идей часто приводит к революционным открытиям.

  In the history of science, the evolution of ideas often leads to revolutionary discoveries.

• Эволюция технологий изменила повседневную жизнь людей.

  The evolution of technology has changed people's daily lives.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'эволюционировать' (verb, imperfective aspect): This is a first-conjugation verb in Russian, borrowed from Latin via English. It follows regular patterns for imperfective verbs but may lack a distinct perfective form in everyday use. The base form is эволюционировать, and it conjugates based on person, number, tense, and aspect.

For 'эволюция' (noun, feminine): This is a third-declension noun and does not change in the nominative singular. It follows standard feminine noun patterns for other cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • развиваться (to develop; more general and everyday)
  • прогрессировать (to progress; implies positive change)
• Antonyms:
  • регрессировать (to regress; implies decline)
  • застывать (to stagnate; for 'эволюция')

Related Phrases:

• Естественный отбор – Natural selection (a key concept in evolution).
• Эволюционный процесс – Evolutionary process (describes the mechanism of change).
• Адаптивная эволюция – Adaptive evolution (refers to changes for survival).

Usage Notes:

'Эволюционировать' directly corresponds to the English 'evolve' as a verb and is best used in formal or scientific contexts, such as biology or philosophy. Unlike English, Russian verbs must agree in person, number, and tense, so always conjugate properly. For 'эволюция' as a noun, it's more static and doesn't require conjugation. Choose 'эволюционировать' for processes involving change over time, but note its formal tone—opt for simpler synonyms like 'развиваться' in casual speech. Be mindful of aspect: it's imperfective, emphasizing ongoing action.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'эволюция' as a verb (e.g., saying "Я эволюция" instead of "Я эволюционирую"). Correct: 'Эволюция' is a noun; use 'эволюционировать' for verbal actions. Explanation: This confuses parts of speech, common for English speakers who treat nouns and verbs interchangeably.

• Error: Incorrect conjugation, e.g., saying "Я эволюционировать" instead of "Я эволюционирую". Correct: Always conjugate to match the subject, as in "Я эволюционирую". Explanation: Russian requires full verb agreement, which English learners often overlook, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Overusing in informal contexts, e.g., "Мой телефон эволюционировал" without proper integration. Correct: Use in structured sentences like "Мой телефон эволюционировал за год". Explanation: This word sounds overly academic; pair it with appropriate context to avoid sounding unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and education, 'эволюция' is heavily influenced by Darwinian theory, often discussed in biology and history classes. It carries connotations of progress and adaptation, reflecting Russia's emphasis on scientific advancement in post-Soviet times. However, in philosophical contexts, it may evoke debates on human development, as seen in literature like Tolstoy's works.

Related Concepts:

• адаптация (adaptation)
• эволюционный отбор (evolutionary selection)
• биологическая эволюция (biological evolution)