Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'encapsulate'

English Word: encapsulate

Key Russian Translations:

• инкапсулировать [in.kap.su.li.ro.vatʲ] - [Formal, Technical]
• обобщать [ɐ.bɐ.ˈɕætʲ] - [Formal, General]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like programming and science)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of technical vocabulary and verb conjugations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

инкапсулировать: [in.kap.su.li.ro.vatʲ]

Note on инкапсулировать: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("su"), which can be tricky for learners. Pronounce it with a soft "l" sound.

Audio: []

обобщать: [ɐ.bɐ.ˈɕætʲ]

Note on обобщать: The "щ" sound is a palatalized fricative, similar to "sh" in "she" but softer; common in abstract discussions.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To enclose or encase something (e.g., in programming or biology)

Translation(s) & Context:

• инкапсулировать - Used in technical contexts, such as software development, to mean hiding data within an object.
• обобщать - Applied in more general or abstract contexts, like summarizing ideas in discussions or writing.

Usage Examples:

• В программировании классы инкапсулируют данные для защиты от прямого доступа.

  In programming, classes encapsulate data to protect it from direct access.

• Этот метод инкапсулирует сложные алгоритмы в простой интерфейс.

  This method encapsulates complex algorithms into a simple interface.

• Обобщая, мы можем инкапсулировать основные идеи в одном предложении.

  In summary, we can encapsulate the main ideas in one sentence.

• Биологи инкапсулируют клетки в мембраны для изучения их поведения.

  Biologists encapsulate cells in membranes to study their behavior.

• В научных статьях часто обобщают данные, чтобы инкапсулировать ключевые выводы.

  In scientific articles, data is often generalized to encapsulate key conclusions.

To summarize or generalize concepts

Translation(s) & Context:

• обобщать - Common in academic or everyday discussions for condensing information.

Usage Examples:

• Лектор обобщает исторические события, чтобы инкапсулировать их суть.

  The lecturer generalizes historical events to encapsulate their essence.

• Обобщая аргументы, мы инкапсулируем дебаты в четкие пункты.

  By generalizing arguments, we encapsulate debates into clear points.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "инкапсулировать" and "обобщать" are verbs, which follow Russian conjugation patterns. "Инкапсулировать" is a less common verb and may not have as many inflected forms in everyday use, while "обобщать" is more regular.

For "инкапсулировать" (infinitive):

For "обобщать" (infinitive; more regular):

Note: These verbs are imperfective; perfective forms like "инкапсулировать" might use derivatives, but they are less common.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: обобщать (more general), суммировать (to sum up) - "Суммировать" is often used for numerical contexts, while "обобщать" fits abstract ideas.
• Antonyms: разобщать (to separate or disassociate)

Related Phrases:

• Метод инкапсуляции - A technique for encapsulation, often in object-oriented programming.
• Обобщение данных - Generalization of data, used in data analysis or statistics.
• Инкапсулированный объект - An encapsulated object, referring to a protected entity in technology.

Usage Notes:

"Инкапсулировать" directly corresponds to the technical English meaning of "encapsulate," especially in fields like computer science, and is best used in formal, professional contexts. "Обобщать" is a broader equivalent for summarizing or generalizing, making it suitable for everyday or academic discussions. Be cautious with verb conjugations, as Russian verbs change based on tense, person, and aspect. Choose "инкапсулировать" for precise technical scenarios and "обобщать" for more conceptual ones to avoid over-literal translations.

Common Errors:

• Common mistake: Using "инкапсулировать" in non-technical contexts, e.g., saying "Я инкапсулирую свои мысли" instead of "Я обобщаю свои мысли." Correct usage: "Обобщать" is more appropriate for abstract summarization. Error example: "Я инкапсулирую идею" (awkward); Correct: "Я обобщаю идею" – This confuses the technical connotation.

• Another error: Incorrect conjugation, e.g., saying "инкапсулируетс" instead of "инкапсулирует." Always ensure the verb ends with the proper suffix based on the subject.

Cultural Notes:

Terms like "инкапсулировать" are influenced by modern technology and global scientific discourse, reflecting Russia's integration into international tech communities. It's not deeply rooted in traditional Russian culture but highlights the language's adaptability to contemporary fields like programming, which have grown significantly since the Soviet era.

Related Concepts:

• абстракция
• наследование
• модульность