Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'eighteenth'

English Word: eighteenth

Key Russian Translations:

• восемнадцатый [IPA: vɐsʲɪmˈnatsətɨj] - [Adjective, Ordinal Number; Used in general contexts for ordering, dates, and lists; Formal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing, historical contexts, and everyday numbering, but less frequent in casual speech compared to cardinal numbers)

Difficulty: A2 (Basic level; Suitable for beginners learning Russian numbers, though mastery of declensions requires intermediate practice)

Pronunciation (Russian):

восемнадцатый: vɐsʲɪmˈnatsətɨj

Note on восемнадцатый: The stress falls on the syllable "nats," and the "ы" sound is a subtle, centralized vowel common in Russian. Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The ordinal number corresponding to 18, indicating position in a sequence (e.g., eighteenth in line, eighteenth century).

Translation(s) & Context:

• восемнадцатый - Used for denoting the 18th item in lists, dates, or rankings; Common in formal, academic, or historical contexts (e.g., "the eighteenth president").

Usage Examples:

• В восемнадцатом веке Россия пережила значительные реформы.

  In the eighteenth century, Russia underwent significant reforms.

• Это восемнадцатая глава в книге.

  This is the eighteenth chapter in the book.

• Она заняла восемнадцатое место в соревновании.

  She took the eighteenth place in the competition.

• Восемнадцатый день месяца выпал на выходной.

  The eighteenth day of the month fell on a weekend.

• Гостиница находится на восемнадцатом этаже здания.

  The hotel is on the eighteenth floor of the building.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

восемнадцатый is an ordinal adjective derived from the cardinal number восемнадцать (eighteen). It follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns, which are regular but must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. It does not have irregular forms.

Note: This form is invariant in terms of its root but changes endings based on grammatical agreement. If used with a noun, always ensure proper declension.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: нет прямых синонимов (no direct synonyms), but related forms like восемнадцатый can be paraphrased with "номер восемнадцать" in informal contexts for emphasis.
• Antonyms: Not applicable for ordinal numbers, as they denote specific positions rather than opposites.

Related Phrases:

• восемнадцатое столетие - Refers to the eighteenth century; Often used in historical discussions.
• восемнадцатый век - Another way to say the eighteenth century; Common in academic writing.
• восемнадцатое число - Means the eighteenth day of the month; Used in date-related contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "eighteenth" directly corresponds to восемнадцатый, which must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. Unlike English, where ordinal numbers are often invariable, Russian requires full declension. Use this in formal contexts like dates (e.g., "18th January" as "восемнадцатое января") or rankings. When choosing between translations, восемнадцатый is the standard form; avoid cardinal numbers like восемнадцать for ordinal purposes to prevent confusion. Be mindful of context: in spoken language, Russians might use approximations for large numbers, but восемнадцатый is precise.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the cardinal form "восемнадцать" instead of the ordinal "восемнадцатый" in sequences (e.g., saying "восемнадцать место" for "eighteenth place"). Correct: "восемнадцатое место". Explanation: Cardinal numbers denote quantity, while ordinals indicate order; this mistake can make the sentence sound unnatural or incorrect.

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., using "восемнадцатый" with a feminine noun without changing to "восемнадцатая". Correct: For a feminine noun like "страница" (page), say "восемнадцатая страница". Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree grammatically, so learners should practice declension tables to avoid this.

Cultural Notes:

The term восемнадцатый often evokes Russia's eighteenth-century history, a period of significant reforms under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. This era marked modernization and westernization, influencing Russian culture, architecture (e.g., Saint Petersburg's neoclassical buildings), and literature. Understanding this context can deepen appreciation for how numbers like "eighteenth" are used in historical narratives in Russian media and education.

Related Concepts:

• восемнадцатый век
• девятнадцатый
• семнадцатый