Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'eczema'

English Word: eczema

Key Russian Translations:

• экзема /ɪkˈzʲe.mə/ - [Medical term, Formal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and health-related discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1/B2) - Requires familiarity with medical vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions

Pronunciation (Russian):

экзема: /ɪkˈzʲe.mə/

Note on экзема: The stress is on the second syllable ('ze'), and the 'з' is pronounced as a soft 'z' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pay attention to the palatalization of 'зʲ'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: A chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed, and irritated patches.

Translation(s) & Context:

• экзема - Used primarily in medical, dermatological, or health contexts to describe the condition directly.

Usage Examples:

• У меня экзема на руках, и она сильно чешется.

  I have eczema on my hands, and it's very itchy.

• Экзема может быть спровоцирована аллергенами, такими как пыль или определенные продукты.

  Eczema can be triggered by allergens such as dust or certain foods.

• Лечение экземы часто включает использование специальных кремов и избежание раздражителей.

  Treatment of eczema often involves using special creams and avoiding irritants.

• Если экзема не лечить, она может распространиться на другие части тела.

  If eczema is not treated, it can spread to other parts of the body.

• Врачи рекомендуют консультацию специалиста при хронической экземе.

  Doctors recommend consulting a specialist for chronic eczema.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Экзема" is a feminine noun of the first declension in Russian. It follows standard patterns for feminine nouns ending in -a. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The word is regular in its declension, with no irregular forms. Always adjust the ending based on the grammatical case in a sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: атопический дерматит (atopic dermatitis) - Often used interchangeably in medical contexts, but more specific to allergic reactions; крапивница (hives) - Similar skin irritation, but typically temporary.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as this is a medical condition rather than a descriptive adjective.

Related Phrases:

• аллергическая экзема - Allergic eczema; refers to eczema triggered by allergies.
• хроническая экзема - Chronic eczema; used for long-term cases requiring ongoing management.
• лечение экземы - Treatment of eczema; a common phrase in health discussions.

Usage Notes:

Экзема directly corresponds to the English "eczema" and is used almost exclusively in formal or medical settings. English speakers should note that Russian medical terminology often borrows from international sources, so pronunciation is similar. Be mindful of declensions when using it in sentences—e.g., use the genitive case after prepositions like "of" (экземы). If multiple skin conditions are discussed, choose экзема for eczema specifically rather than broader terms like дерматит. It's neutral in tone and suitable for both written and spoken contexts, but avoid in casual conversations unless relevant.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing экзема with дерматит (dermatitis) and using them interchangeably. Incorrect: "У меня дерматит" when meaning eczema. Correct: "У меня экзема" for precision. Explanation: Дерматит is a broader term for skin inflammation, while экзема is specific; this mix-up can lead to miscommunication in medical contexts.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun properly, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "Лечение экзема" (missing genitive). Correct: "Лечение экземы". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always adjust based on sentence structure to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions about health conditions like eczema are often straightforward and matter-of-fact, especially in medical settings. However, there isn't a strong cultural connotation; it's treated as a universal medical issue. Awareness of eczema has increased with modern healthcare, and it's commonly addressed in public health campaigns, reflecting Russia's emphasis on accessible medical information.

Related Concepts:

• дерматит
• крапивница
• псориаз