Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'ectothermic'

English Word: ectothermic

Key Russian Translations:

• эктотермический [ɛk.taˈtɛr.mʲɪ.tɕɪ.skʲɪj] - [Formal, Scientific]
• холоднокровный [xɐ.lɐd.nɐˈkrov.nɨj] - [Informal, Everyday]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in scientific, biological, or academic contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with biological terminology and Russian adjective inflections.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

эктотермический: [ɛk.taˈtɛr.mʲɪ.tɕɪ.skʲɪj]

Note on эктотермический: The stress falls on the third syllable ("tɛr"), and the "ч" sound is a soft palatal fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers. Practice with native audio for accuracy.

холоднокровный: [xɐ.lɐd.nɐˈkrov.nɨj]

Note on холоднокровный: The initial "х" is a voiceless velar fricative (like the "ch" in Scottish "loch"), and the word has a rolling rhythm. Variations in regional accents may soften the consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological Term: Referring to organisms whose body temperature is regulated by external environmental sources.

Translation(s) & Context:

• эктотермический - Used in formal scientific writing or discussions about animal physiology, emphasizing the technical aspect.
• холоднокровный - Applied in more general or educational contexts, often metaphorically in literature or casual biology talks.

Usage Examples:

• Жабы являются эктотермическими животными, поэтому их активность зависит от температуры окружающей среды.

  Frogs are ectothermic animals, so their activity depends on the temperature of the surrounding environment.

• В отличие от млекопитающих, змеи — холоднокровные существа, которые теряют энергию в холодную погоду.

  Unlike mammals, snakes are ectothermic creatures that lose energy in cold weather.

• Эктотермический метаболизм позволяет рептилиям выживать в разнообразных климатических условиях.

  Ectothermic metabolism allows reptiles to survive in a variety of climatic conditions.

• Холоднокровные рыбы, такие как акулы, адаптировались к глубоководным средам, где температура стабильна.

  Ectothermic fish, such as sharks, have adapted to deep-water environments where the temperature is stable.

• Исследования показывают, что эктотермические организмы, включая амфибий, чувствительны к глобальному потеплению.

  Studies show that ectothermic organisms, including amphibians, are sensitive to global warming.

Metaphorical Usage: Sometimes used figuratively to describe emotional detachment or calmness.

Translation(s) & Context:

• холоднокровный - Common in literary or psychological contexts to imply emotional coldness, but less formal than эктотермический.

Usage Examples:

• В криминальных романах часто описывают убийц как холоднокровных, чтобы подчеркнуть их бесстрастие.

  In crime novels, murderers are often described as ectothermic (or cold-blooded) to emphasize their impassivity.

• Его холоднокровный подход к переговорам помог избежать конфликта.

  His ectothermic (cold-blooded) approach to negotiations helped avoid conflict.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "эктотермический" and "холоднокровный" are adjectives in Russian, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern of agreement with the nouns they modify. They are not irregular but require attention to endings.

Note: These adjectives do not change in comparative forms unless modified (e.g., более эктотермический for "more ectothermic"), but in standard usage, they remain as shown.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • терморегулирующий (thermoregulating) - More general term, often used in broader physiological contexts.
  • поэктотермический (a less common variant, emphasizing external temperature dependence).
• Antonyms:
  • эндотермический (endothermic) - Refers to organisms that regulate their own body temperature.
  • теплокровный (warm-blooded) - Informal antonym, commonly used in everyday language.

Related Phrases:

• холоднокровное животное - A cold-blooded animal; used to describe ectothermic species in educational or casual settings.
• эктотермический обмен веществ - Ectothermic metabolism; refers to the energy processes in such organisms.
• адаптация холоднокровных - Adaptation of cold-blooded creatures; discusses evolutionary adjustments.

Usage Notes:

"Ectothermic" directly corresponds to "эктотермический" in formal scientific contexts, but "холоднокровный" is preferred in Russian for its accessibility and metaphorical potential. Use "эктотермический" in academic papers or biology classes, as it maintains precision. Be cautious with gender and case agreements, as Russian adjectives must match the noun (e.g., эктотермическая рыба for "ectothermic fish"). In metaphorical uses, "холоднокровный" can imply emotional detachment, which has no direct English equivalent, so context is key for accurate translation.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "эктотермический" in informal settings where "холоднокровный" is more appropriate, making the language sound overly technical.
  Correct: Instead of saying "эктотермический змея," use "холоднокровная змея" in casual conversation.
  Explanation: This avoids alienating listeners and ensures natural flow.
• Mistake: Forgetting adjective inflections, e.g., saying "эктотермический животные" instead of "эктотермические животные" for plural.
  Correct: Always adjust for number and case, as in "эктотермических организмов" in genitive plural.
  Explanation: Russian grammar requires agreement, and errors here can lead to grammatical incorrectness.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "холоднокровный" often carries a negative connotation in literature and media, symbolizing ruthlessness or emotional coldness, as seen in classic works like those of Dostoevsky. This reflects broader Slavic cultural themes of contrasting human warmth with detachment, which can deepen understanding of the term beyond its biological meaning.

Related Concepts:

• эндотермический
• терморегуляция
• рептилии
• адаптация