Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'economics'

English Word: economics

Key Russian Translations:

• экономика [ɪkɐˈnɔmʲɪkə] - [Formal, Academic]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, business, and news contexts, but less frequent in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, according to CEFR; requires understanding of abstract concepts and vocabulary related to social sciences)

Pronunciation (Russian):

экономика: [ɪkɐˈnɔmʲɪkə]

Note on экономика: The stress falls on the third syllable ('nɔmʲ'), which is a common challenge for English speakers. The 'ы' sound is a soft, non-diphthong vowel unique to Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services (as an academic discipline).

Translation(s) & Context:

• экономика - Used in formal academic, economic, or professional settings to refer to the field of study; often in discussions of global markets or policy.

Usage Examples:

• Я изучаю экономику в университете, чтобы понять глобальные рынки.

  I am studying economics at the university to understand global markets.

• Экономика России сильно зависит от экспорта нефти и газа.

  The economy of Russia heavily depends on the export of oil and gas.

• В курсе экономики мы анализируем влияние инфляции на общество.

  In the economics course, we analyze the impact of inflation on society.

• Международная экономика сталкивается с вызовами из-за климатических изменений.

  International economics is facing challenges due to climate change.

• Экономика как наука помогает предсказывать кризисы, такие как рецессия.

  Economics as a science helps predict crises, such as recessions.

The system of production, distribution, and consumption in a society (as a practical concept).

Translation(s) & Context:

• экономика - Used in everyday news or discussions to describe economic systems; can be formal or neutral, depending on context.

Usage Examples:

• Глобальная экономика пострадала от пандемии, вызвавшей спад производства.

  The global economy suffered from the pandemic, causing a decline in production.

• В этой стране экономика ориентирована на сельское хозяйство и туризм.

  In this country, the economy is oriented towards agriculture and tourism.

• Экономика развивающихся стран часто подвержена внешним шокам.

  The economies of developing countries are often vulnerable to external shocks.

• Правительство инвестирует в экономику, чтобы стимулировать рост.

  The government is investing in the economy to stimulate growth.

• Макроэкономика изучает общую экономику страны, включая ВВП.

  Macroeconomics studies the overall economy of a country, including GDP.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Экономика' is a feminine noun in the first declension group. It follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns for case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: The word is invariable in terms of gender (always feminine) and follows regular patterns, making it straightforward for learners. No irregular forms exist.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • хозяйство (khozyaystvo) - More general, referring to management or economy in a broader sense; often used in agricultural or domestic contexts.
  • экономическая система (ekonomicheskaya sistema) - Emphasizes the systemic aspect, less common in casual use.
• Antonyms:
  • застой (zastoy) - Implies stagnation or lack of growth, often with historical connotations (e.g., Soviet era).
  • кризис (krizis) - Refers to an economic crisis, highlighting instability.

Related Phrases:

• мировая экономика - World economy; used in discussions of global trade and international relations.
• национальная экономика - National economy; refers to the economic system of a specific country.
• рыночная экономика - Market economy; contrasts with planned economies and is common in modern policy debates.
• экономический рост - Economic growth; a key phrase in development and policy contexts.

Usage Notes:

'Экономика' directly corresponds to the English 'economics' but can encompass both the discipline and the practical system, depending on context. In Russian, it's typically used in formal settings; avoid it in casual conversations unless discussing news. When choosing between translations, 'экономика' is the most precise for academic or professional use. Grammatically, remember it's a feminine noun, so adjectives and verbs must agree (e.g., 'эта экономика развивается' - 'this economy is developing'). English speakers often confuse it with 'финансы' (finance), so clarify if the focus is on money management versus broader systems.

Common Errors:

• Error: Mispronouncing the word as [ɛkəˈnɑmɪkə] (like the English version), ignoring Russian phonetics. Correct: Use [ɪkɐˈnɔmʲɪkə] with proper stress and soft consonants. Explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings, as Russian pronunciation emphasizes vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

• Error: Using it in the wrong case, e.g., saying 'в экономика' instead of 'в экономике' (in the economy). Correct: 'В экономике России наблюдается рост' (In Russia's economy, growth is observed). Explanation: Russian requires correct case agreement, which English speakers might overlook due to the lack of cases in English.

• Error: Confusing it with 'экономический' (adjective form, meaning 'economic'). Correct: Use 'экономика' for the noun. Explanation: Beginners might mix parts of speech, leading to grammatically incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'экономика' often carries historical weight, especially in the context of the Soviet era's planned economy and the post-Soviet transition to market reforms (e.g., perestroika in the 1980s). It symbolizes resilience and adaptation, as economic discussions frequently reference events like the 1990s crisis or current sanctions, reflecting Russia's complex relationship with global markets.

Related Concepts:

• финансы (finances)
• бизнес (business)
• торговля (trade)
• инфляция (inflation)