Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dump'

English Word: dump

Key Russian Translations:

• свалка [svaɫka] - [Informal, Common noun]
• мусорная куча [musórnaja kúča] - [Informal, Colloquial, Used in everyday speech]
• выброс [vɨbrós] - [Formal, Often used in technical or environmental contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in discussions about waste management and environmental issues, but not as frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of basic noun inflections and contextual usage in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

свалка: [svaɫka] (Stress on the first syllable; the 'л' is a dark L, pronounced further back in the throat)

мусорная куча: [musórnaja kúča] (Stress on the second syllable of 'мусорная'; 'у' in 'куча' is pronounced as a short 'oo')

выброс: [vɨbrós] (Stress on the last syllable; 'ы' is a unique Russian vowel sound, similar to a neutralized 'i')

Note on свалка: Be cautious with the dark 'л' sound, as it's a common challenge for English speakers; it differs from the English 'l' in words like "light".

Audio: Audio placeholder for свалка pronunciation (Click to play)

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A site for disposing of waste (e.g., landfill).

Translation(s) & Context:

• свалка - Used in informal contexts for everyday waste disposal sites, such as municipal landfills.
• мусорная куча - Applied in colloquial settings for piles of garbage, often implying disorder or neglect.

Usage Examples:

• В городе есть большая свалка, где сортируют мусор.

  In the city, there's a large dump where they sort the garbage.

• Мы проезжали мимо мусорной кучи, и запах был невыносимым.

  We drove past the dump, and the smell was unbearable.

• Правительство планирует закрыть старую свалку из-за экологических проблем.

  The government plans to close the old dump due to environmental issues.

• Дети не должны играть рядом с мусорной кучей; это опасно.

  Children shouldn't play near the dump; it's dangerous.

• Свалка на окраине города привлекает ворон и других птиц.

  The dump on the outskirts of the city attracts crows and other birds.

Meaning 2: To discard or throw away something abruptly (as a verb).

Translation(s) & Context:

• выбросить - Used in formal or everyday contexts for actively discarding items, often with an implication of force.

Usage Examples:

• Он решил выбросить старые вещи из гаража.

  He decided to dump the old things from the garage.

• Не выбросьте этот документ; он может пригодиться позже.

  Don't dump that document; it might be useful later.

• Фабрика случайно выбросила отходы в реку.

  The factory accidentally dumped waste into the river.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"свалка" is a feminine noun (3rd declension in Russian). It follows standard noun inflection patterns for case and number. Below is a table of its inflections:

For "выбросить", a verb, it is irregular in its perfective aspect. Base form: выбросить (to dump). Conjugations vary by tense and person; for example, in present tense (imperfective form: сбрасывать), it becomes сбрасываю (I dump), сбрасываешь (you dump), etc. "мусорная куча" inflects as a standard phrase but is less variable.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • мусорная свалка (more specific for garbage sites)
  • отходник (informal, emphasizing waste disposal)
• Antonyms:
  • чистота (cleanliness; implies the opposite of a dirty, waste-filled area)
  • парк (park; as a clean, organized public space)

Note: "мусорная свалка" is a synonym that adds specificity for organized waste sites, while "отходник" is more colloquial and regional.

Related Phrases:

• мусорная свалка - A garbage dump; commonly used in environmental discussions to refer to designated waste areas.
• выбросить на свалку - To dump something in a landfill; implies final disposal of unwanted items.
• нелегальная свалка - Illegal dump; refers to unauthorized waste sites, often in urban contexts.

Usage Notes:

"Dump" in English often carries a negative connotation of messiness or environmental hazard, which aligns closely with "свалка" in Russian. However, Russian users might prefer "мусорная куча" in informal settings for a more casual tone. Be mindful of context: "выбросить" is perfective and implies a completed action, so it's ideal for one-time events. In formal writing, opt for "свалка" over slangier alternatives. Grammatically, ensure agreement in gender and case when using these words in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "свалка" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "в свалка" instead of "в свалке" (correct genitive for "in the dump").
  Correct: в свалке; Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so prepositions dictate the case—here, "в" requires prepositional case.
• Mistake: Confusing "выбросить" with "сбросить" (to drop or unload), leading to misuse in waste contexts.
  Correct: Use "выбросить" for dumping waste; Explanation: "Сбросить" implies a more neutral unloading, while "выбросить" emphasizes disposal.
• Mistake: Overusing "мусорная куча" in formal contexts.
  Correct: Stick to "свалка" in official or environmental reports; Explanation: "Мусорная куча" sounds too informal and might undermine seriousness.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, "свалка" often evokes discussions about environmental issues, such as illegal dumping in urban areas or the legacy of Soviet-era waste management. It's tied to broader cultural attitudes toward recycling and pollution, which have gained prominence since the 1990s with increased environmental awareness.

Related Concepts:

• мусор (garbage or waste)
• экология (ecology)
• переработка (recycling)