Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dogma'

English Word: dogma

Key Russian Translations:

• догма [ˈdoɡmə] - [Formal, used in academic, religious, or philosophical contexts]
• доктрина [dɐkˈtrʲinə] - [Formal, often in ideological or scientific discussions]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in intellectual, religious, or educational texts, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves borrowed words from Greek/Latin origins; learners should be familiar with basic noun declensions and formal vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

догма: [ˈdoɡmə]

доктрина: [dɐkˈtrʲinə]

Note on догма: The stress is on the first syllable; be cautious with the hard 'g' sound, which is pronounced as in 'go' in English. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.

Translation(s) & Context:

• догма - Used in religious or philosophical contexts, such as church doctrines or ideological beliefs.
• доктрина - Applied in broader contexts like political ideologies or scientific theories, emphasizing a systematic set of ideas.

Usage Examples:

• В христианстве догма о Троице является основным учением. (V khristianstve dogma o Troitse yavlyayetsya osnovnym ucheniem.)

  In Christianity, the dogma of the Trinity is a fundamental teaching.

• Советская доктрина подчеркивала коллективизм в обществе. (Sovetskaya doktrina podcherkivala kollektivizm v obshchestve.)

  The Soviet dogma emphasized collectivism in society.

• Эта догма не подлежит обсуждению в консервативных кругах. (Eta dogma ne podlezhit obsuzhdeniyu v konservativnykh krugakh.)

  This dogma is not up for discussion in conservative circles.

• Философская доктрина Платона включает множество догм о идеях. (Filosofskaya doktrina Platona vklyuchayet mnogo dogm o ideyakh.)

  Plato's philosophical dogma includes many principles about ideas.

• В современном мире старая догма о гендерных ролях устарела. (V sovremennom mire staraya dogma o gendernykh rol'yakh ustarela.)

  In the modern world, the old dogma about gender roles has become outdated.

An opinion or belief that is rigidly held and unquestioned.

Translation(s) & Context:

• догма - Often used metaphorically for personal or cultural beliefs that are inflexible.
• доктрина - In contexts where it refers to a rigid system, such as in education or politics.

Usage Examples:

• Его политическая догма не позволяет ему изменить мнение. (Yego politicheskaya dogma ne pozvolyaet yemu izmenit' mneniye.)

  His political dogma doesn't allow him to change his opinion.

• Семейная доктрина предков все еще влияет на его решения. (Semeynaya doktrina predkov vsyo eshche vliyayet na yego resheniya.)

  The family dogma of his ancestors still influences his decisions.

• Эта догма о превосходстве науки над религией распространена в атеистических кругах. (Eta dogma o prevoskhodstve nauki nad religiyey rasprostranena v ateisticheskikh krugakh.)

  This dogma about the superiority of science over religion is widespread in atheist circles.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "догма" and "доктрина" are feminine nouns in Russian. They follow standard first-declension patterns for feminine nouns ending in -a. "Догма" is a borrowed word and does not have irregularities, while "доктрина" behaves similarly.

For "доктрина", the declension is identical in structure.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • учение (uchenie) - More general, often refers to teachings or doctrines in a broader sense.
  • доктрина (doktrina) - Synonymous but emphasizes systematic ideology; can be interchangeable in formal contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • ересь (eres') - Refers to heresy or deviation from established beliefs.
  • сомнение (somnenie) - Implies doubt, contrasting with rigid acceptance.

Related Phrases:

• религиозная догма (religioznaya dogma) - Religious dogma; a set of beliefs central to a faith.
• политическая доктрина (politicheskaya doktrina) - Political dogma; refers to core principles in governance or ideology.
• незыблемая догма (nezyblimaya dogma) - Unshakable dogma; used for principles that are seen as eternal and unchanging.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "догма" directly mirrors the English word and is often used in formal or academic settings to denote authoritative principles, especially in religious contexts. Choose "догма" for precise translations involving faith-based concepts, while "доктрина" is better for ideological or scientific frameworks. Be mindful of the formal register; avoid in casual speech. Grammatically, as feminine nouns, they require agreement in gender, number, and case (e.g., adjectives must match). For English learners, note that Russian often pairs these words with qualifiers like "религиозная" to specify context.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "догма" with "доктрина": Learners might use "догма" interchangeably with "доктрина," but the latter is more appropriate for political or educational systems. Incorrect: "Политическая догма Ленина" (should be "доктрина"). Correct: "Политическая доктрина Ленина." Explanation: "Догма" implies a more rigid, unquestioned belief, while "доктрина" allows for a structured system.

• Improper declension: Forgetting to change the case, e.g., using nominative "догма" in a genitive context. Incorrect: "Обсуждение догма" (should be "догмы"). Correct: "Обсуждение догмы." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always adjust based on sentence structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "догма" is often associated with the Russian Orthodox Church, where it represents unassailable religious truths. Historically, during the Soviet era, similar concepts were used in Marxist-Leninist ideology, blending political and philosophical elements. This reflects Russia's deep-rooted tradition of intertwining faith, state, and intellect, making these words carry a weight of authority and tradition.

Related Concepts:

• идеология (ideologiya)
• вера (vera)
• учение (uchenie)
• принципы (printsipy)