Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'distension'

English Word: distension

Key Russian Translations:

• расширение [rɐˈʂɨrʲɪnʲɪje] - [Formal, Medical]
• вздутие [vzˈduːtʲɪje] - [Informal, Everyday or Medical contexts]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized medical or scientific contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical terminology and basic Russian grammar, but can vary by translation—e.g., 'расширение' is B2, while 'вздутие' might be A2 for basic forms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

расширение: [rɐˈʂɨrʲɪnʲɪje]

Note on расширение: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ʂɨrʲ"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the rolled 'r' and palatalized consonants. Practice with native audio for accuracy.

вздутие: [vzˈduːtʲɪje]

Note on вздутие: The initial 'v' is pronounced as a voiced labiodental fricative, and the word has a soft 'tʲ' sound; variations in regional accents may soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Swelling or expansion of a body part, often in a medical context (e.g., abdominal distension).

Translation(s) & Context:

• расширение - Used in formal medical reports or scientific discussions to describe pathological expansion.
• вздутие - Applied in everyday or informal medical contexts, such as describing bloating or swelling in casual conversation.

Usage Examples:

• У пациента наблюдается расширение живота после операции.

  The patient has abdominal distension after the surgery. (This example shows the word in a formal medical report, highlighting its use with nouns in a genitive context.)

• Из-за переедания у меня появилось вздутие в желудке.

  Due to overeating, I have distension in my stomach. (This demonstrates informal usage in personal health discussions, with the word in a nominative case.)

• Врачи диагностировали расширение в брюшной полости как симптом заболевания.

  Doctors diagnosed distension in the abdominal cavity as a symptom of the disease. (Here, it illustrates the word in a prepositional phrase, common in diagnostic contexts.)

• После тренировки я заметил лёгкое вздутие мышц.

  After the workout, I noticed slight distension in the muscles. (This shows the word in a more casual, fitness-related scenario, with adjectives for emphasis.)

• Расширение тканей может быть вызвано аллергией или инфекцией.

  Distension of tissues can be caused by allergy or infection. (This example varies the structure, using the word in a genitive construction to describe affected areas.)

Meaning 2: General expansion or stretching, not necessarily medical (e.g., metaphorical use in physics or engineering).

Translation(s) & Context:

• расширение - Preferred in technical or scientific contexts for non-biological expansion.

Usage Examples:

• Расширение металла под влиянием тепла является физическим процессом.

  The distension of metal under the influence of heat is a physical process. (This highlights technical usage in a scientific explanation.)

• В инженерии расширение материалов учитывается для предотвращения деформаций.

  In engineering, the distension of materials is considered to prevent deformations. (This shows the word in a professional context with infinitive constructions.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'расширение' and 'вздутие' are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard declension patterns for third-declension nouns. They inflect based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table for 'расширение' as an example; 'вздутие' follows similar rules.

Note: These words do not have irregular inflections, making them relatively straightforward for learners. For 'вздутие', the plural form is less common in medical contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вздутие (similar to 'distension' but more casual)
  • набухание (slight swelling, often used interchangeably in medical texts)
• Antonyms:
  • сжатие (contraction or compression, used in opposition to expansion)
  • сокращение (reduction, especially in physiological contexts)

Note: 'набухание' is a close synonym but may imply a more gradual process, suitable for non-acute situations.

Related Phrases:

• Абдоминальное расширение - Refers to abdominal distension, commonly used in medical diagnostics.
• Вздутие живота - Describes stomach bloating in everyday health conversations.
• Расширение тканей - Indicates tissue expansion, often in pathology or biology.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'расширение' is the more precise translation for 'distension' in formal or medical English, aligning closely with anatomical contexts, while 'вздутие' is better for informal or symptomatic descriptions. Choose based on context: use 'расширение' in professional writing to match the English term's specificity, but 'вздутие' in spoken language to sound natural. Be mindful of case agreements, as Russian nouns must align with adjectives and verbs in sentences. For example, in medical reports, it's often paired with verbs like 'наблюдать' (to observe).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'расширение' in informal contexts where 'вздутие' is more appropriate, e.g., saying "У меня расширение" instead of "У меня вздутие" for personal complaints. Correct: 'Вздутие' fits casual speech; explanation: This mismatch can make the language sound overly formal or unnatural.

• Error: Forgetting case inflections, such as using nominative 'расширение' in a genitive phrase, e.g., "болезнь расширение" instead of "болезнь расширения". Correct: "Болезнь расширения"; explanation: Russian requires proper declension to maintain grammatical agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical culture, terms like 'расширение' are heavily influenced by Soviet-era scientific terminology, emphasizing precision in diagnostics. However, 'distension'-related words don't carry strong cultural connotations beyond their technical use, unlike more idiomatic expressions in everyday language.

Related Concepts:

• отёк (swelling due to fluid)
• деформация (deformation)
• воспаление (inflammation)