Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disseminate'

English Word: disseminate

Key Russian Translations:

• распространять /rəs.prə'stra.nɨtʲ/ - [Formal, commonly used in media, education, and official contexts]
• диссеминировать /dɪs.sɛ.mɪ.nɪ'ro.vatʲ/ - [Very Formal, Technical, often in academic or scientific settings]

Frequency: Medium - This verb is not everyday language but appears frequently in professional, journalistic, and educational discussions.

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for 'распространять' due to verb conjugation patterns; C1 (Advanced) for 'диссеминировать' as it involves borrowing from English and complex inflections.

Pronunciation (Russian):

распространять: /rəs.prə'stra.nɨtʲ/

диссеминировать: /dɪs.sɛ.mɪ.nɪ'ro.vatʲ/

Note on распределять: The stress falls on the third syllable ('stra'), which can be tricky for learners; variations in informal speech may soften the 'r' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To spread or distribute information, ideas, or materials widely and systematically.

Translation(s) & Context:

• распространять - Used in formal contexts like news articles or public announcements to imply broad dissemination of information.
• диссеминировать - Applied in technical or academic contexts, such as research papers, to denote precise and controlled spreading of knowledge.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство активно распространяет информацию о новых законах среди населения.

  The government is actively disseminating information about new laws among the population.

• Ученые диссеминируют результаты исследований через международные конференции.

  Scientists disseminate research results through international conferences.

• В интернете легко распространять фейковые новости, что приводит к дезинформации.

  On the internet, it's easy to disseminate fake news, which leads to misinformation.

• Организация распространяет брошюры по профилактике заболеваний в сельских районах.

  The organization disseminates brochures on disease prevention in rural areas.

• С помощью социальных сетей мы можем быстро диссеминировать важные обновления.

  Using social media, we can quickly disseminate important updates.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, with 'распространять' being more common and following standard Russian verb conjugation rules for imperfective verbs. 'Диссеминировать' is less flexible but conjugates similarly as a first-conjugation verb. Below is a table for 'распространять' in the present tense; 'диссеминировать' has similar patterns but is less irregular.

For 'диссеминировать': It follows a regular pattern but is often used in perfective forms like 'диссеминировать' (to disseminate completely). This verb does not have significant irregularities but requires attention to aspect in Russian grammar.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • публиковать (publikovat') - More focused on publishing; used for making information public.
  • транслятировать (translyatirovat') - Implies broadcasting, often in media contexts.
  • распускать (raspuskat') - Informal, for spreading rumors or ideas loosely.
• Antonyms:
  • скрывать (skryvat') - To hide or conceal information.
  • удерживать (uderzhivat') - To withhold or restrict dissemination.

Related Phrases:

• Широко распространять - Widely disseminate; used for large-scale distribution of information.
• Распространять информацию - To spread information; a common phrase in news and propaganda contexts.
• Массово диссеминировать - To mass disseminate; implies reaching a broad audience in technical fields.

Usage Notes:

'Распространять' is the most direct equivalent to 'disseminate' in everyday Russian, especially for non-technical users, while 'диссеминировать' is a borrowed term better suited for formal or academic English-to-Russian translations. Be mindful of aspect: Russian verbs often require pairing with perfective forms (e.g., 'распространить' for completed actions). In informal settings, 'распускать' might be used, but it carries a connotation of gossip. Choose based on context—opt for 'диссеминировать' in scientific writing for precision.

Common Errors:

• Confusing aspect: English learners often use 'распространять' when a perfective verb like 'распространить' is needed for completed actions. Error: "Я распространять информацию вчера" (incorrect). Correct: "Я распространил информацию вчера" – This mistakes the imperfective for perfective tense.
• Misusing formality: Overusing 'диссеминировать' in casual speech, which sounds unnatural. Error: Saying 'диссеминировать' in a conversation about social media; Correct: Use 'распространять' instead for better fit.
• Neglecting conjugation: Forgetting to adjust for person and number, e.g., saying "Он распространять" instead of "Он распространяет". Always conjugate based on subject for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'распространять' often relate to historical contexts of information control, such as Soviet-era propaganda. This can imply state-controlled dissemination, so users should be aware of potential connotations in media or political discussions, where it might evoke themes of censorship or mass communication.

Related Concepts:

• пропаганда (propaganda)
• информация (information)
• трансмиссия (transmission)