Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'dishabituate'

English Word: dishabituate

Key Russian Translations:

• отвыкнуть [ɐtˈvɨknʊtʲ] - [Formal, often used in psychological or behavioral contexts]
• развыкнуться [rɐzvɨˈknʊtʲ] - [Informal, less common and typically in everyday speech]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized, primarily appearing in academic, psychological, or therapeutic discussions rather than daily conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding verb conjugations and contexts related to habits and psychology; for 'отвыкнуть', it's B2, while 'развыкнуться' may be B1 for simpler forms.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

отвыкнуть: [ɐtˈvɨknʊtʲ]

развыкнуться: [rɐzvɨˈknʊtʲ]

Note on отвыкнуть: The stress falls on the second syllable ('vɨ'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the Russian vowel reductions. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Note on развыкнуться: Similar to отвыкнуть, but with an initial 'r' sound that is rolled; practice the 'r' for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary meaning: To cause someone or something to lose a habit, become unaccustomed, or reverse habituation, often in psychological or behavioral contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• отвыкнуть - Used in formal settings, such as therapy or education, to describe breaking a habit or adapting away from routine behaviors.
• развыкнуться - Applied in informal, everyday contexts, like personal anecdotes about changing daily routines.

Usage Examples:

• Он отвык от кофеина после месяца без него. (He dishabituate from caffeine after a month without it.)

  He became unaccustomed to caffeine after a month without it. (This example shows the verb in a health-related context.)

• Дети быстро развыкаются от новых игрушек, если они не интересны. (Children quickly dishabituate from new toys if they're not engaging.)

  Children quickly lose interest in new toys if they're not engaging. (Illustrates informal use with children and daily life.)

• Терапия помогает отвыкнуть от вредных привычек, таких как курение. (Therapy helps to dishabituate from harmful habits like smoking.)

  Therapy helps to break harmful habits like smoking. (Demonstrates formal, psychological application.)

• После переезда в тихий район, она развыклась от городского шума. (After moving to a quiet area, she dishabituate from city noise.)

  After moving to a quiet area, she became unaccustomed to city noise. (Shows environmental adaptation in informal speech.)

• Эксперименты показывают, как животные отвыкают от стимулов в лабораторных условиях. (Experiments show how animals dishabituate from stimuli in lab settings.)

  Experiments show how animals lose responsiveness to stimuli in lab settings. (Highlights scientific usage with imperfective aspect.)

Secondary meaning: To reverse a state of habituation in sensory or cognitive processes.

Translation(s) & Context:

• отвыкнуть - In scientific contexts, referring to psychological experiments or learning processes.

Usage Examples:

• Исследования по психологии изучают, как отвыкнуть от повторяющихся стимулов. (Studies in psychology examine how to dishabituate from repeated stimuli.)

  Studies in psychology examine how to reverse habituation to repeated stimuli. (Focuses on research contexts.)

• В терапии используют методы, чтобы помочь отвыкнуть от фобий. (In therapy, methods are used to dishabituate from phobias.)

  In therapy, methods are used to help overcome phobias by breaking habitual responses. (Applies to emotional or behavioral therapy.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'отвыкнуть' and 'развыкнуться' are verbs, specifically perfective forms. 'Отвыкнуть' is the perfective counterpart to the imperfective 'отвыкать', indicating a completed action. They follow standard Russian verb conjugation patterns for the first conjugation group, with some irregularities in aspect and stem changes.

These verbs are intransitive and do not change based on gender or number in the infinitive, but past tense forms do. They are regular in most aspects but require attention to aspectual pairs for correct usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • отвыкать (imperfective form, emphasizing ongoing process)
  • преодолевать привычку (to overcome a habit, more descriptive)
• Antonyms:
  • привыкнуть (to become accustomed to)
  • адаптироваться (to adapt, in a broader sense)

Note: 'Отвыкать' is nearly identical to 'отвыкнуть' but implies a process rather than a completed action, which can subtly change the context.

Related Phrases:

• Отвыкнуть от чего-то - To become unaccustomed to something (e.g., daily routine); used in personal development contexts.
• Развыкнуться от привычки - To break free from a habit (informal, often in casual conversations about lifestyle changes).
• Помочь отвыкнуть - To help someone dishabituate (common in therapeutic phrases, implying assistance in change).

Usage Notes:

'Dishabituate' directly corresponds to 'отвыкнуть' in formal contexts, especially in psychology, where it describes reversing learned behaviors. Choose 'развыкнуться' for informal, everyday scenarios to sound more natural. Be mindful of aspect: use imperfective forms like 'отвыкать' for ongoing actions. In Russian, these verbs often require the genitive case for the object (e.g., 'от чего-то'). English learners should avoid direct word-for-word translation and consider the context's formality.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'отвыкнуть' with 'привыкнуть': Learners might say 'Он привык от кофеина' instead of 'Он отвык от кофеина', which incorrectly means 'He became accustomed to caffeine'. Correct usage: 'Он отвык от кофеина' – Explanation: The prefix 'от-' indicates removal, while 'при-' indicates addition.
• Using the wrong aspect: Saying 'Я отвыкну завтра' when meaning an ongoing process; instead, use 'Я буду отвыкать завтра' for imperfective continuity.
• Omitting case agreement: Forgetting the genitive case, e.g., saying 'отвык кофеин' instead of 'отвык от кофеина'. This makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'отвыкнуть' are often tied to self-improvement and resilience, influenced by historical emphasis on endurance in literature and psychology (e.g., in works by Pavlov on conditioning). It's commonly discussed in contexts of overcoming Soviet-era habits or modern lifestyle changes, reflecting a cultural value on adaptability.

Related Concepts:

• привычка (habit)
• адаптация (adaptation)
• психологическая терапия (psychological therapy)