Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'discoloration'

English Word: discoloration

Key Russian Translations:

• обесцвечивание [ɐbʲɪˈt͡sːvʲet͡ɕɪvənʲɪje] - [Formal, used in scientific or medical contexts]
• изменение цвета [ɪzˈmʲenʲɪje ˈt͡svʲetə] - [Informal, literal phrase for general color change]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in medical, artistic, or scientific discussions, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun forms and context-specific vocabulary; for 'обесцвечивание', it's more advanced due to its technical nature, while 'изменение цвета' is slightly easier at B1)

Pronunciation (Russian):

обесцвечивание: [ɐbʲɪˈt͡sːvʲet͡ɕɪvənʲɪje]

изменение цвета: [ɪzˈmʲenʲɪje ˈt͡svʲetə]

Note on обесцвечивание: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ('ве'), which can be tricky for learners; pronounce it with a soft 'в' sound. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Change in color due to aging, damage, or chemical reaction (e.g., in skin or materials)

Translation(s) & Context:

• обесцвечивание - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as dermatology or photography, to describe fading or bleaching.
• изменение цвета - Applied in everyday situations, like describing rust on metal or fruit ripening.

Usage Examples:

• Врач заметил обесцвечивание на коже пациента и рекомендовал обследование.

  The doctor noticed discoloration on the patient's skin and recommended an examination.

• Из-за длительного воздействия солнца произошло изменение цвета краски на стене.

  Due to prolonged sun exposure, discoloration of the paint on the wall occurred.

• Обесцвечивание листьев деревьев указывает на возможное заболевание.

  Discoloration of the tree leaves indicates a possible disease.

• В химическом эксперименте мы наблюдали изменение цвета раствора под действием кислоты.

  In the chemical experiment, we observed discoloration of the solution due to the acid.

• Обесцвечивание ткани от стирки – это распространенная проблема.

  Discoloration of fabric from washing is a common issue.

2. Staining or spotting (e.g., in fabrics or surfaces)

Translation(s) & Context:

• обесцвечивание - Specifically for bleaching or fading spots, often in cleaning or restoration contexts.
• изменение цвета - For general stains that alter appearance, in informal descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Обесцвечивание на ковре от пролитого вина требовало профессиональной чистки.

  The discoloration on the carpet from spilled wine required professional cleaning.

• Изменение цвета обоев в ванной комнате произошло из-за влажности.

  Discoloration of the wallpaper in the bathroom happened due to humidity.

• Обесцвечивание металла от коррозии можно предотвратить с помощью защитных покрытий.

  Discoloration of metal from corrosion can be prevented with protective coatings.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. 'Обесцвечивание' is a neuter noun (средний род) and follows the standard second declension pattern for neuter nouns ending in -ие. It is fairly regular but can vary by case and number.

'Изменение цвета' is a phrase: 'изменение' is a neuter noun (second declension), and 'цвета' is genitive of 'цвет' (masc., third declension). It does not inflect as a single unit but follows standard rules for each word.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пожелтение [pɐʐɨlʲˈtenʲɪje] (yellowing; more specific to yellow discoloration)
  • потемнение [pɐtʲɪmʲˈnʲenʲɪje] (darkening; implies a shift to darker shades)
  • выцветание [vɨˈt͡svʲetənʲɪje] (fading; often used for colors losing vibrancy)
• Antonyms:
  • окрашивание [ɐˈkraʂɨvənʲɪje] (coloring or dyeing)
  • осветление [ɐsʲvʲetʲˈlenʲɪje] (lightening; opposite in terms of brightness)

Related Phrases:

• Обесцвечивание кожи – Refers to skin discoloration, common in medical contexts.
• Изменение цвета в фотографии – Describes color changes in photography or digital editing.
• Природное обесцвечивание – Natural discoloration, such as in aging materials.

Usage Notes:

'Обесцвечивание' is the most precise translation for 'discoloration' in technical fields like medicine or chemistry, while 'изменение цвета' is better for everyday use. Always consider the context: use formal terms in professional settings. Grammatically, these are nouns, so they require appropriate case agreement with prepositions (e.g., 'из-за обесцвечивания' for 'due to discoloration'). When choosing between translations, opt for 'обесцвечивание' if emphasizing a process, and 'изменение цвета' for descriptive purposes.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'обесцвечивание' interchangeably with 'выцветание' without context, leading to confusion (e.g., saying 'выцветание кожи' for skin discoloration when 'обесцвечивание' is more accurate). Correct: Stick to 'обесцвечивание' for bleaching effects. Explanation: 'Выцветание' implies fading from exposure, not a general change.
• Mistake: Forgetting case agreement, e.g., saying 'изменение цвет' instead of 'изменение цвета'. Correct: Always use genitive for 'цвета' in this phrase. Explanation: Russian requires proper declension to maintain grammatical flow.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'обесцвечивание' are often linked to themes of aging and impermanence, as seen in literature (e.g., in works by Chekhov, where discoloration symbolizes decay). This reflects a broader Slavic cultural emphasis on the transient nature of beauty and materials.

Related Concepts:

• цвет [t͡svʲet] (color)
• краска [ˈkrasʲkə] (paint or dye)
• выцветший [vɨˈt͡svʲetʂɨj] (faded)