Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'disclosure'

English Word: disclosure

Key Russian Translations:

• раскрытие [rɐˈskrɨtʲɪje] - [Formal, General use]
• разглашение [rɐzˈɡlaʂenʲɪje] - [Formal, Legal contexts, often implying unauthorized revelation]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in business, legal, and official documents, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of formal Russian vocabulary and grammatical structures; 'разглашение' may be C1 for legal nuances)

Pronunciation (Russian):

раскрытие: [rɐˈskrɨtʲɪje]

Note on раскрытие: The stress falls on the third syllable ("-кры-"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to Russian's mobile stress patterns.

Audio: []

разглашение: [rɐzˈɡlaʂenʲɪje]

Note on разглашение: The "щ" sound is a soft, voiceless fricative, similar to "sh" in "sheep" but more palatalized; practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of making information known that was previously secret or hidden.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раскрытие - Used in general, formal contexts such as financial reports or public announcements.
• разглашение - Applied in legal or sensitive contexts, like breaches of confidentiality.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Компания обязана сделать раскрытие всех финансовых операций в отчете.

  English translation: The company is obligated to make a disclosure of all financial operations in the report.

• Русский пример: Разглашение государственной тайны может привести к серьезным последствиям.

  English translation: Disclosure of state secrets can lead to serious consequences.

• Русский пример: В контракте указано полное раскрытие рисков инвестиций.

  English translation: The contract specifies full disclosure of investment risks.

• Русский пример: Он избежал разглашения личных данных во время интервью.

  English translation: He avoided disclosure of personal data during the interview.

• Русский пример: Раскрытие правды помогло разрешить конфликт.

  English translation: Disclosure of the truth helped resolve the conflict.

Meaning 2: The information that is revealed, especially in a formal or official manner.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раскрытие - Refers to the content being revealed, often in investigative or transparency contexts.
• разглашение - Emphasizes the act in legal disclosures, such as in court proceedings.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Документ содержит полное раскрытие деталей сделки.

  English translation: The document contains full disclosure of the deal's details.

• Русский пример: Разглашение информации о коррупции шокировало общественность.

  English translation: Disclosure of information about corruption shocked the public.

• Русский пример: В суде было приказано сделать раскрытие всех доказательств.

  English translation: The court ordered the disclosure of all evidence.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "раскрытие" and "разглашение" are neuter nouns in Russian, which follow standard second-declension patterns for inflection. They are invariant in plural forms for general usage but change by case in singular.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular inflections, making them relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • обнаружение (obnaruzhenie) - Similar to discovery, but with a nuance of unintentional revelation.
  • оглашение (oglashenie) - Often used in public or official announcements.
• Antonyms:
  • сокрытие (sokrytie) - Concealment or hiding.
  • конфиденциальность (konfidentsialnost) - Confidentiality, implying secrecy.

Related Phrases:

• Полное раскрытие - Full disclosure; refers to providing all relevant information without omission, commonly in legal or business settings.
• Разглашение тайны - Disclosure of a secret; used in contexts involving breaches of trust or confidentiality.
• Добровольное раскрытие - Voluntary disclosure; implies a proactive revelation, often in compliance or ethical scenarios.

Usage Notes:

"Раскрытие" is the most direct equivalent to "disclosure" in neutral or formal English contexts, while "разглашение" carries a stronger connotation of unauthorized or negative revelation, similar to "leakage" in English. Use "раскрытие" for transparent, official disclosures and "разглашение" in legal or sensitive situations. Be mindful of Russian's case system when integrating these words into sentences, as they must agree with other elements. For English learners, choose based on context: if the disclosure is intentional and positive, opt for "раскрытие"; if it involves potential harm, use "разглашение".

Common Errors:

• Confusing "раскрытие" with "разглашение": English learners often use "разглашение" interchangeably, but it implies illegality. Incorrect: "Я сделал разглашение информации" (when it's voluntary). Correct: "Я сделал раскрытие информации". Explanation: "Разглашение" suggests a breach, so reserve it for contexts like whistleblowing.

• Incorrect inflection: Forgetting to change cases, e.g., using nominative "раскрытие" in a genitive context. Incorrect: "Без раскрытие" (should be "Без раскрытия"). Correct: "Без раскрытия". Explanation: Always adjust for case to maintain grammatical accuracy in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, disclosure, especially in legal or governmental contexts, is often viewed with caution due to historical emphasis on secrecy during the Soviet era. Terms like "разглашение" can evoke sensitivities around privacy and state security, reflecting a cultural preference for discretion in personal and official matters.

Related Concepts:

• конфиденциальность
• прозрачность
• секретность