Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Discharge'

English Word: discharge

Key Russian Translations:

• выписка [ˈvɨpʲɪskə] - [Formal, Often used in medical or administrative contexts]
• разряд [rɐˈzʲrʲat] - [Neutral, Often used in technical or physical contexts]
• выпуск [ˈvɨpʊsk] - [Neutral, Often used for release or emission]
• увольнение [ʊvɐlʲˈnʲenʲɪjə] - [Formal, Used for dismissal from work or military]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "увольнение" and "выписка" are more common in specific domains)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies by translation: "разряд" may be B2 due to technical usage, while "увольнение" is B1)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выписка: [ˈvɨpʲɪskə]

Note on выписка: Stress on the first syllable; the "ы" sound is unique to Russian and may be challenging for English speakers.

разряд: [rɐˈzʲrʲat]

выпуск: [ˈvɨpʊsk]

увольнение: [ʊvɐlʲˈnʲenʲɪjə]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Discharge as 'release from hospital or institution'

Translation(s) & Context:

• выписка - Used specifically for discharge from a hospital or formal release from an institution.

Usage Examples:

• Её выписка из больницы назначена на завтра.

  Her discharge from the hospital is scheduled for tomorrow.

• После выписки нужно продолжать принимать лекарства.

  After discharge, you need to continue taking medication.

• Выписка из роддома была радостным событием.

  Discharge from the maternity hospital was a joyful event.

2. Discharge as 'dismissal from job or duty'

Translation(s) & Context:

• увольнение - Refers to formal dismissal from employment or military service.

Usage Examples:

• Его увольнение было неожиданным для всех.

  His discharge (dismissal) was unexpected for everyone.

• Увольнение по собственному желанию требует заявления.

  Discharge at one's own request requires a written statement.

• После увольнения он начал искать новую работу.

  After his discharge, he started looking for a new job.

3. Discharge as 'release or emission (e.g., of liquid, energy)'

Translation(s) & Context:

• выпуск - Used for emission or release, often of substances or products.
• разряд - Used for electrical discharge or release of energy.

Usage Examples:

• Выпуск отходов в реку запрещён.

  The discharge of waste into the river is prohibited.

• Электрический разряд вызвал короткое замыкание.

  The electrical discharge caused a short circuit.

• Выпуск газа был замечен слишком поздно.

  The discharge of gas was noticed too late.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

выписка (noun, feminine):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	выписка	выписки
Genitive	выписки	выписок
Dative	выписке	выпискам
Accusative	выписку	выписки
Instrumental	выпиской	выписками
Prepositional	выписке	выписках

увольнение (noun, neuter): Follows standard neuter noun declension patterns (similar structure as above).

разряд (noun, masculine) and выпуск (noun, masculine): Follow regular masculine noun declension with predictable endings.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for выписка (hospital discharge):

• освобождение
• выход

Note: "освобождение" can imply broader release, not just medical.

Synonyms for увольнение (dismissal):

• отставка
• снятие с должности

Antonyms for увольнение:

• найм
• приём на работу

Related Phrases:

• выписка из больницы - Discharge from the hospital.
• увольнение по сокращению - Discharge due to staff reduction (layoff).
• электрический разряд - Electrical discharge.
• выпуск продукции - Discharge or release of products (production).

Usage Notes:

• The choice of Russian translation for "discharge" depends heavily on context. "Выписка" is strictly for medical or administrative release, while "увольнение" is tied to employment or military contexts.
• "Разряд" is technical and often used in physics or sports (e.g., ranking or category), so avoid using it for personal contexts.
• Russian nouns must agree in case, number, and gender with other sentence elements, so learning declensions is critical.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "выпуск" for hospital discharge (e.g., *Выпуск из больницы* is incorrect). Correct: Use "выписка" (e.g., Выписка из больницы).
• Error: Confusing "увольнение" with informal dismissal terms like "выгнать" (to kick out), which is colloquial and rude. Correct: Stick to "увольнение" in formal contexts.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "увольнение" (dismissal) can carry a significant social stigma, especially if involuntary. It is often discussed with sensitivity, and formal documentation is critical. Similarly, "выписка" from a hospital often involves bureaucratic steps and family involvement, reflecting the importance of community support in recovery.

Related Concepts:

• освобождение (release, liberation)
• отставка (resignation, retirement)
• сброс (dump, discharge of waste)