Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Diagnose'

English Word: Diagnose

Key Russian Translations:

• диагностировать [dʲɪɐɡnɐsʲtʲɪˈrovətʲ] - [Formal, Verb]
• поставить диагноз [pɐˈstavʲɪtʲ dʲɪɐˈɡnos] - [Formal, Phrase, Commonly Used in Medical Contexts]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for "диагностировать"; B1 (Beginner-Intermediate) for "поставить диагноз"

Pronunciation (Russian):

диагностировать: [dʲɪɐɡnɐsʲtʲɪˈrovətʲ]

Note on диагностировать: Stress falls on the fourth syllable. The "г" is pronounced as a soft [ɡʲ] due to the following "н".

поставить диагноз: [pɐˈstavʲɪtʲ dʲɪɐˈɡnos]

Note on поставить диагноз: Stress is on the second syllable of "поставить" and the second syllable of "диагноз".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To identify a disease or condition (Medical Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• диагностировать - Used in formal medical reports or by professionals to describe the act of diagnosing.
• поставить диагноз - Literally "to set a diagnosis," commonly used in doctor-patient conversations.

Usage Examples:

• Врач диагностировал у пациента пневмонию.

  The doctor diagnosed the patient with pneumonia.

• После обследования они смогли диагностировать причину боли.

  After the examination, they were able to diagnose the cause of the pain.

• Доктор поставил диагноз: острый аппендицит.

  The doctor made a diagnosis: acute appendicitis.

• Как долго вам пришлось ждать, чтобы поставили диагноз?

  How long did you have to wait for a diagnosis?

• Мы диагностировали проблему как системный сбой.

  We diagnosed the problem as a system failure.

2. To identify a problem or issue (Non-Medical Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• диагностировать - Used metaphorically to identify issues in systems, machinery, or abstract concepts.

Usage Examples:

• Механик диагностировал неисправность двигателя.

  The mechanic diagnosed an engine malfunction.

• Эксперт диагностировал причину сбоя в программе.

  The expert diagnosed the cause of the software glitch.

• Мы должны диагностировать проблему до её усугубления.

  We must diagnose the problem before it worsens.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

диагностировать (Verb, Imperfective Aspect): Regular conjugation in the present, past, and future tenses. It denotes an ongoing or repeated action of diagnosing.

поставить диагноз (Phrase): The verb "поставить" is perfective, indicating a completed action. It follows regular perfective conjugation patterns. "Диагноз" is a masculine noun and declines as follows:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for диагностировать:

• определить (to determine)
• выявить (to identify)

Note: "определить" and "выявить" are broader in meaning and can apply to non-medical contexts as well.

Antonyms for диагностировать:

• игнорировать (to ignore)
• пропустить (to miss/overlook)

Related Phrases:

• диагностировать заболевание - To diagnose a disease.
• поставить точный диагноз - To make an accurate diagnosis.
• диагностировать неисправность - To diagnose a malfunction (non-medical).

Usage Notes:

• "Диагностировать" is more formal and often used in written reports or by specialists. It can be applied to both medical and technical contexts.
• "Поставить диагноз" is conversational and specific to medical diagnoses, often used in doctor-patient interactions.
• Ensure correct aspect usage: "диагностировать" (imperfective) for ongoing processes and "поставить диагноз" (perfective) for a completed act of diagnosis.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "диагностировать" in casual speech instead of "поставить диагноз." Example: *Врач диагностировал мне грипп* (unnatural in spoken Russian). Correct: Врач поставил мне диагноз: грипп (The doctor diagnosed me with the flu).
• Error: Incorrect verb aspect usage, such as using perfective forms in repeated actions. Example: *Я каждый день ставлю диагнозы* (incorrect). Correct: Я каждый день диагностирую пациентов (I diagnose patients every day).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical culture, the phrase "поставить диагноз" reflects a sense of finality and authority, as it implies the doctor's decision or conclusion. Patients often expect clear communication of a diagnosis, and this phrase is frequently used in such contexts.

Related Concepts:

• лечение (treatment)
• обследование (examination)
• симптомы (symptoms)