density
Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Density'
English Word: density
Key Russian Translations:
- плотность [ˈplotnəsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Commonly used in scientific and everyday contexts]
- густота [ɡʊˈstotə] - [Neutral, Often used for describing thickness or concentration]
Frequency: Medium (Frequently used in scientific, technical, and descriptive contexts)
Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "плотность"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "густота" due to nuanced usage
Pronunciation (Russian):
плотность: [ˈplotnəsʲtʲ]
Note on плотность: Stress falls on the first syllable. The soft "т" sound (indicated by "ʲ") is a common feature in Russian.
густота: [ɡʊˈstotə]
Note on густота: Stress is on the second syllable. The "у" is pronounced as a short "oo".
Audio: []
Meanings and Usage:
1. Physical Density (Mass per Unit Volume):
Translation(s) & Context:
- плотность - Primarily used in scientific and technical contexts to describe the density of materials or substances.
Usage Examples:
Плотность воды составляет примерно 1 г/см³.
The density of water is approximately 1 g/cm³.
Мы измерили плотность этого металла в лаборатории.
We measured the density of this metal in the laboratory.
Плотность воздуха уменьшается с высотой.
The density of air decreases with altitude.
2. Thickness or Concentration (e.g., of a crowd, forest, or liquid):
Translation(s) & Context:
- густота - Used to describe the thickness or concentration of something non-technical, often in everyday language.
- плотность - Occasionally used in this context, especially for crowds or population density.
Usage Examples:
Густота леса затрудняет передвижение.
The density of the forest makes movement difficult.
Плотность населения в этом городе очень высокая.
The population density in this city is very high.
Густота сиропа зависит от времени варки.
The density of the syrup depends on the cooking time.
Russian Forms/Inflections:
плотность (Noun, Feminine, 3rd Declension):
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | плотность | плотности |
Genitive | плотности | плотностей |
Dative | плотности | плотностям |
Accusative | плотность | плотности |
Instrumental | плотностью | плотностями |
Prepositional | плотности | плотностях |
густота (Noun, Feminine, 1st Declension): Follows regular feminine noun declension patterns with similar case endings to "плотность".
Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:
Synonyms for плотность:
- густота (in certain contexts like thickness)
- концентрация (concentration, in specific contexts)
Note: "густота" often implies a more descriptive or informal tone, while "концентрация" is tied to measurable concentration.
Antonyms for плотность:
- разреженность (rarity, sparseness)
Related Phrases:
- плотность населения - Population density
- плотность вещества - Density of a substance
- густота волос - Thickness of hair
- густота тумана - Density of fog
Usage Notes:
- "плотность" is the standard term for scientific or technical contexts, especially when referring to physical density (mass per unit volume).
- "густота" is more common in everyday language to describe the thickness or concentration of non-technical things like liquids, crowds, or textures.
- Be mindful of context when choosing between the two; using "густота" in a scientific paper might sound inappropriate.
Common Errors:
Error 1: Confusing "плотность" and "густота" in context.
Incorrect: Густота металла была измерена. (Incorrect for scientific context)
Correct: Плотность металла была измерена. (Correct for scientific context)
Explanation: "Густота" is rarely used for physical density in technical contexts; use "плотность" instead.
Error 2: Incorrect case usage due to unfamiliarity with Russian declensions.
Incorrect: Я изучаю плотность воды в плотность. (Incorrect prepositional case)
Correct: Я изучаю плотность воды в плотности. (Correct prepositional case)
Cultural Notes:
In Russian, discussions of "плотность населения" (population density) often carry cultural weight, especially when comparing urban vs. rural areas, as Russia has vast sparsely populated regions alongside densely populated cities like Moscow.
Related Concepts:
- объём (volume)
- масса (mass)
- концентрация (concentration)