Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'customarily'

English Word: customarily

Key Russian Translations:

• обычно [ɐˈbɨʂnə] - [Informal, Commonly used in everyday speech]
• по обыкновению [pə ɐˈbɨknəˈvʲenʲiju] - [Formal, Used in written or official contexts]
• по традиции [pə trəˈdʲitsʲijɪ] - [Formal, Emphasizes cultural or traditional aspects]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are encountered regularly in both spoken and written Russian, but not as ubiquitous as basic connectors like "и" (and).)

Difficulty: A2 (Elementary, per CEFR standards; straightforward for beginners, but nuances in formal translations may require intermediate understanding. For "обычно", it's A1; for "по обыкновению", it's B1.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

обычно: [ɐˈbɨʂnə]

по обыкновению: [pə ɐˈbɨknəˈvʲenʲiju]

по традиции: [pə trəˈdʲitsʲijɪ]

Note on обычно: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the "ш" sound, which is a soft, palatalized "sh" in Russian. Variations in regional accents may soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: According to custom, habit, or usual practice

Translation(s) & Context:

• обычно - Used in informal settings for describing routine or habitual actions, such as daily routines.
• по обыкновению - Applied in formal or narrative contexts to indicate established customs or norms.
• по традиции - Employed when referring to cultural or historical traditions, often in storytelling or cultural discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Обычно мы отмечаем Новый год с семьей.

  Customarily, we celebrate New Year's with the family. (Shows habitual family tradition.)

• По обыкновению, в России люди дарят подарки на Рождество.

  Customarily, in Russia, people give gifts on Christmas. (Illustrates formal or traditional practice in a broader context.)

• По традиции, гости целуют хозяина в щеку при встрече.

  Customarily, guests kiss the host on the cheek upon meeting. (Emphasizes cultural ritual in social interactions.)

• Обычно я встаю рано утром, по обыкновению деловых людей.

  Customarily, I wake up early in the morning, as per the habit of business people. (Demonstrates combination with other translations for varied grammar.)

• По традиции, в деревнях устраивают народные гуляния весной.

  Customarily, in villages, folk festivals are held in the spring. (Highlights seasonal and cultural usage.)

Meaning: In a manner that follows established rules or conventions

Translation(s) & Context:

• обычно - In everyday contexts for procedural norms.
• по обыкновению - For formal procedures, like in legal or official documents.

Usage Examples:

• Обычно судьи объявляют решение в конце заседания.

  Customarily, judges announce the decision at the end of the session. (Routine in professional settings.)

• По обыкновению, документы подписываются обеими сторонами.

  Customarily, documents are signed by both parties. (Formal agreement context.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Most translations like "обычно" are adverbs and do not undergo inflection for gender, number, or case in Russian. They remain unchanged across contexts.

For phrases like "по обыкновению" and "по традиции", the core adverbs ("обыкновению" and "традиции") are based on nouns that do inflect:

Note: In phrases, these inflections adjust based on grammatical case, but the adverbial use in "по обыкновению" keeps it stable.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • часто [ˈʧasto] - Often used interchangeably for frequency, but implies more repetition.
  • регулярно [rʲɪˈɡʊlʲərnə] - Regularly, with a connotation of scheduled events; suitable for formal contexts.
  • привычно [prʲiˈvɨʂnə] - Habitually, emphasizing familiarity.
• Antonyms:
  • редко [ˈrʲedkə] - Rarely, indicating infrequency.
  • необычно [nʲɪɐˈbɨʂnə] - Unusually, directly opposite in meaning.

Related Phrases:

• По обычаю - By custom; often used in cultural or traditional contexts to describe inherited practices.
• Как принято - As is customary; a common expression for social norms.
• В порядке вещей - In the order of things; implies something is customarily expected in daily life.

Usage Notes:

"Customarily" translates most directly to "обычно" in informal English-Russian exchanges, but choose "по обыкновению" or "по традиции" for formal or cultural nuances to match the context accurately. Be mindful of Russian's emphasis on case and prepositions; for example, pair with verbs like "делать" (to do) for habitual actions. In business or legal settings, "по обыкновению" avoids sounding too casual. If the English word implies tradition, opt for "по традиции" to capture cultural depth.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "обычно" in formal writing where "по обыкновению" is more appropriate. For example, learners might say "Обычно мы подписываем договор" instead of "По обыкновению, мы подписываем договор" in a contract context. Correct: The latter maintains formality and precision.

• Error: Confusing with "часто" (often), leading to overuse; e.g., saying "Обычно я ем часто" (redundant). Correct: Use "обычно" alone for habit, as in "Обычно я ем овощи" (Customarily, I eat vegetables), to avoid repetition.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "по традиции" often tie into deep-rooted customs, such as family gatherings during holidays. This reflects Russia's emphasis on heritage, where customary practices (e.g., toasting at meals) strengthen social bonds, differing from more individualistic Western norms.

Related Concepts:

• традиция (tradition)
• привычка (habit)
• обычай (custom)