Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Cumulative'

English Word: cumulative

Key Russian Translations:

• накопительный [nəkəˈpʲitʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Formal, Often used in financial or statistical contexts]
• совокупный [səvəˈkupnɨj] - [Formal, Used for total or combined results]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in academic, financial, or technical contexts)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for both translations due to formal usage and specific contexts

Pronunciation (Russian):

накопительный: [nəkəˈpʲitʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on накопительный: Stress falls on the third syllable ("pi"). The soft "l" sound may be tricky for non-native speakers.

совокупный: [səvəˈkupnɨj]

Note on совокупный: Stress on the third syllable ("kup"). Ensure proper vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Accumulating over time (e.g., cumulative effect)

Translation(s) & Context:

• накопительный - Often used for effects, savings, or data that build up over time.

Usage Examples:

• Накопительный эффект этого лекарства проявляется через месяц.

  The cumulative effect of this medicine becomes apparent after a month.

• У меня есть накопительный счёт в банке.

  I have a cumulative (savings) account at the bank.

• Накопительные данные показывают рост интереса к теме.

  Cumulative data shows an increase in interest in the topic.

2. Combined or total (e.g., cumulative score)

Translation(s) & Context:

• совокупный - Used for combined results, totals, or aggregate figures.

Usage Examples:

• Совокупный балл за все тесты составил 85%.

  The cumulative score for all tests was 85%.

• Совокупный доход семьи вырос за год.

  The cumulative income of the family increased over the year.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

накопительный (Adjective): Declines according to standard adjective rules in Russian based on gender, number, and case.

совокупный (Adjective): Follows similar adjective declension patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for накопительный:

• нарастающий (increasing, growing - more dynamic)
• суммарный (summative - broader in scope)

Synonyms for совокупный:

• общий (general, total - less formal)
• суммарный (summative - interchangeable in some contexts)

Antonyms:

• единичный (singular, individual - opposite of combined)
• разрозненный (scattered, fragmented - opposite of cumulative)

Related Phrases:

• накопительный эффект (cumulative effect - refers to effects building over time)
• накопительный счёт (savings account - a financial term)
• совокупный доход (total income - aggregate earnings)
• совокупный результат (combined result - often used in sports or statistics)

Usage Notes:

• "Накопительный" emphasizes the process of accumulation over time and is often used in contexts like savings or effects. It is more specific than "совокупный".
• "Совокупный" refers to a combined or total result and is frequently used in formal or statistical contexts.
• Both terms are formal and less common in casual speech. Ensure agreement with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "накопительный" for combined totals instead of "совокупный".
  Incorrect: Накопительный балл за тесты.
  Correct: Совокупный балл за тесты.
  Explanation: "Накопительный" implies a gradual build-up, not a combined total.
• Error: Incorrect adjective agreement with nouns.
  Incorrect: Накопительный данные (should be "накопительные").
  Correct: Накопительные данные.
  Explanation: Adjectives must agree with the noun in case, number, and gender.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, terms like "накопительный" are often associated with Soviet-era financial systems (e.g., savings accounts). Understanding this historical context can help grasp the term's connotations in modern usage, especially in financial discussions.

Related Concepts:

• нарастающий (increasing)
• суммарный (summative)
• общий (general, total)