Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Crude'

English Word: crude

Key Russian Translations:

• грубый [ˈɡrubɨj] - [Informal, Used for behavior or language]
• необработанный [nʲɪəbrɐˈbotənɨj] - [Formal, Used for materials or unrefined substances]
• сырой [sɨˈroj] - [Neutral, Often used for raw or unprocessed items]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in specific contexts like materials or behavior)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "грубый" and "сырой"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "необработанный"

Pronunciation (Russian):

грубый: [ˈɡrubɨj]

Note on грубый: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "ы" sound is a unique Russian vowel, pronounced as a short, unrounded "i".

необработанный: [nʲɪəbrɐˈbotənɨj]

Note on необработанный: Stress on the fourth syllable. The prefix "не-" indicates negation, and "о" sounds may reduce in unstressed positions.

сырой: [sɨˈroj]

Note on сырой: Stress on the second syllable. The "ы" sound is distinct from "и".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Rude or Impolite (Behavior or Language)

Translation(s) & Context:

• грубый - Used to describe someone's rude behavior, tone, or language in informal or direct contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Он был очень грубый с официантом.

  He was very rude to the waiter.

• Её грубый тон обидел всех.

  Her crude tone offended everyone.

• Не будь таким грубым, пожалуйста.

  Don't be so rude, please.

2. Unrefined or Raw (Materials or Substances)

Translation(s) & Context:

• необработанный - Used in formal or technical contexts for unprocessed materials like oil or wood.
• сырой - Common for raw or unprocessed food, or metaphorically for unfinished work.

Usage Examples:

• Нефть в необработанном виде очень дешёвая.

  Crude oil is very cheap in its unrefined state.

• Этот текст ещё сырой, его нужно доработать.

  This text is still crude; it needs to be refined.

• Сырое мясо нельзя есть без приготовления.

  Crude meat cannot be eaten without cooking.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

грубый (Adjective): Follows standard Russian adjective declension rules based on gender, number, and case.

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	грубый	грубая	грубое	грубые
Genitive	грубого	грубой	грубого	грубых

необработанный (Adjective): Similar to "грубый", declines as a standard adjective with the prefix "не-".

сырой (Adjective): Declines similarly, with slight vowel shifts in some forms (e.g., feminine: сырая).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for грубый (rude):

• невежливый
• хамский

Note: "хамский" is more colloquial and implies insolence, while "невежливый" is more neutral.

Antonyms for грубый (rude):

• вежливый
• деликатный

Synonyms for сырой (raw):

• неприготовленный

Related Phrases:

• грубый ответ - A rude reply; used when someone responds harshly.
• сырая нефть - Crude oil; a common technical term in economics or industry.
• необработанный материал - Unrefined material; often used in manufacturing contexts.

Usage Notes:

• "Грубый" is the most common translation for "crude" when referring to behavior or language, but it lacks the playful or humorous undertone that "crude" might have in English (e.g., crude humor). For such cases, additional context or idioms might be needed.
• "Необработанный" is strictly technical and formal, unsuitable for describing behavior.
• "Сырой" can be metaphorical (e.g., a "raw" draft) or literal (e.g., raw food), making it versatile but context-dependent.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "грубый" for unrefined materials. Incorrect: "грубая нефть" (crude oil). Correct: "сырая нефть" or "необработанная нефть". Explanation: "Грубый" applies to behavior, not physical substances.

Error 2: Misusing "сырой" for rude behavior. Incorrect: "сырой человек". Correct: "грубый человек". Explanation: "Сырой" refers to rawness, not rudeness.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, directness in speech can sometimes be perceived as "грубый" (rude) by non-native speakers, but it may simply reflect a cultural norm of straightforwardness rather than intentional rudeness. Understanding context and tone is crucial when using or interpreting this word.

Related Concepts:

• вежливость (politeness)
• обработка (processing/refinement)
• сырость (rawness/dampness)