Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'corrugate'

English Word: corrugate

Key Russian Translations:

• гофрировать [ɡɐfrʲɪrəˈvatʲ] - [Formal, Technical]
• рифлить [rʲɪˈflʲitʲ] - [Informal, Technical; used in specific industrial contexts]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in technical, industrial, or manufacturing contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian verb conjugations and technical vocabulary. For 'гофрировать', it's B2; for 'рифлить', it may be C1 due to its specialized usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гофрировать: [ɡɐfrʲɪrəˈvatʲ]

рифлить: [rʲɪˈflʲitʲ]

Note on гофрировать: The stress falls on the third syllable ('va-'), which can be tricky for learners; ensure a soft 'r' sound. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To shape or form something into ridges and grooves, typically for strength or flexibility (e.g., metal sheets or paper).

Translation(s) & Context:

• гофрировать - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as manufacturing processes.
• рифлить - Applied in informal or specialized settings, like tool-making or engineering.

Usage Examples:

• В фабрике мы гофрируем стальной лист для повышения его прочности.

  In the factory, we corrugate the steel sheet to increase its strength.

• Инженеры рифлят поверхность, чтобы улучшить сцепление.

  Engineers corrugate the surface to improve grip.

• Этот процесс гофрирования позволяет сделать материал более гибким и легким.

  This corrugation process makes the material more flexible and lightweight.

• В быту редко приходится рифлить материалы, но в промышленности это стандартно.

  In everyday life, it's rare to corrugate materials, but it's standard in industry.

• Мастер гофрирует картон для упаковки хрупких товаров.

  The craftsman corrugates cardboard for packaging fragile goods.

To create a wavy or folded pattern for decorative or functional purposes.

Translation(s) & Context:

• гофрировать - Common in design or artistic contexts, emphasizing aesthetic effects.

Usage Examples:

• Дизайнер гофрирует ткань, чтобы придать платью объем.

  The designer corrugates the fabric to give the dress volume.

• В ландшафтном дизайне гофрированные поверхности используются для имитации волн.

  In landscape design, corrugated surfaces are used to imitate waves.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs. 'Гофрировать' follows the first conjugation pattern for -овать verbs, which is regular. 'Рифлить' is also a regular verb but may vary slightly in technical jargon. Below is a table for 'гофрировать' in present tense; other tenses follow standard patterns.

For 'рифлить', it conjugates similarly: рифлю (I), рифлишь (you singular), etc. These verbs do not have irregular forms but may require aspectual pairs (e.g., imperfective 'гофрировать' vs. perfective 'гофрировать' in some contexts).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • рифлить (similar but more specific to ridging)
  • волнировать (to make wavy, with a focus on waves)
• Antonyms:
  • выпрямлять (to straighten)
  • разглаживать (to smooth out)

Note: 'Рифлить' is a close synonym to 'гофрировать' but often implies a sharper ridge, suitable for tools or machinery.

Related Phrases:

• Гофрированный картон - Corrugated cardboard; commonly used in packaging for added durability.
• Рифленая поверхность - Ridged surface; refers to textured finishes in engineering for better traction.
• Процесс гофрирования - Corrugation process; a standard term in manufacturing workflows.

Usage Notes:

'Гофрировать' directly corresponds to the English 'corrugate' in technical contexts, such as engineering or material science, and is preferred in formal writing. Use 'рифлить' for more informal or specialized applications, like in workshops. Be mindful of aspect in Russian: 'гофрировать' is imperfective, so pair it with perfective forms (e.g., 'загофрировать') for completed actions. In everyday Russian, these words are rare outside professional settings, so context is key for accurate selection.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking the verb aspect: Learners often use 'гофрировать' for completed actions without the perfective form, e.g., incorrectly saying "Я гофрировал" for a finished task. Correct: Use "Я загофрировал" for completion. Explanation: Russian verbs require aspect to indicate ongoing vs. finished actions.
• Overgeneralizing translations: English speakers might translate 'corrugate' as 'волновать' (to wave), which is incorrect as it means to excite or disturb emotionally. Correct usage: Stick to 'гофрировать' for physical corrugation.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and industry, terms like 'гофрировать' are tied to the country's manufacturing heritage, especially in sectors like automotive and packaging. During the Soviet era, corrugation techniques were emphasized in engineering education, reflecting a focus on practical, durable design in response to resource constraints.

Related Concepts:

• волна (wave)
• рифление (ridging)
• складка (fold)