Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'corpulence'

English Word: corpulence

Key Russian Translations:

• полнота [pɐlˈnotə] - [Formal, used in descriptive or medical contexts]
• ожирение [ɐʐɨˈrʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, medical or clinical settings, implying pathology]

Frequency: Medium (The word is encountered in literature, medical texts, and everyday discussions about health, but not as common in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic noun declensions and vocabulary related to health and body descriptions. For "ожирение", it may lean towards B2 due to its specialized medical connotations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

полнота: [pɐlˈnotə]

Note on полнота: The stress falls on the second syllable ("no"), and the "л" is pronounced softly. Be mindful of the vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, common in Russian.

ожирение: [ɐʐɨˈrʲenʲɪje]

Note on ожирение: The "ж" is a voiced fricative, similar to the "s" in "measure", and the word has a complex consonant cluster; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The state of being excessively fat or having a bulky body build.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полнота - Used in formal, literary, or everyday contexts to describe physical fullness or obesity without strong negative connotations, often in discussions of health or appearance.
• ожирение - Applied in medical or scientific contexts, emphasizing a pathological condition, such as in health reports or weight management advice.

Usage Examples:

• В его полноте было что-то величественное, как у древних воинов.

  In his corpulence, there was something majestic, like that of ancient warriors.

• Полнота не всегда является проблемой; иногда это признак благополучия.

  Corpulence is not always a problem; sometimes it is a sign of prosperity.

• Врачи диагностировали ожирение и рекомендовали диету.

  Doctors diagnosed corpulence and recommended a diet.

• Её полнота подчёркивала красоту традиционных русских форм.

  Her corpulence highlighted the beauty of traditional Russian forms.

• Ожирение может привести к серьёзным заболеваниям, поэтому важно контролировать вес.

  Corpulence can lead to serious diseases, so it's important to monitor weight.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "полнота" and "ожирение" are feminine nouns. "Полнота" belongs to the first declension group, while "ожирение" follows standard patterns for abstract nouns. Russian nouns change based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table for their singular forms (both are typically used in singular; "ожирение" can be pluralized in rare contexts).

Note: These nouns do not have irregular inflections but follow standard rules. "Полнота" is invariant in plural forms if used, but it's rarely pluralized.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • ожирение (more clinical, emphasizing health risks)
  • избыточный вес (literal for "excess weight", used in everyday health talks)
• Antonyms:
  • худоба (thinness, often implying frailty)
  • стройность (slimness or gracefulness)

Related Phrases:

• избыточная полнота - Excessive corpulence; used in medical or nutritional contexts to describe overweight conditions.
• полнота тела - Corpulence of the body; common in discussions of physical appearance or health assessments.
• борьба с ожирением - Fight against corpulence; refers to efforts in weight loss or public health campaigns.

Usage Notes:

"Полнота" is a more neutral or even positive term in Russian, often appearing in literary contexts to describe robust health or beauty, whereas "ожирение" carries a negative, medical connotation similar to "obesity" in English. When translating "corpulence", choose "полнота" for general or formal descriptions and "ожирение" for clinical scenarios. Be aware of gender agreement in sentences, as both are feminine nouns (e.g., "эта полнота" for "this corpulence"). In informal speech, Russians might prefer euphemisms like "полноватый" (plump) to avoid directness.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking "полнота" for "полноценность", which means "completeness" or "fullness" in a non-physical sense (e.g., a complete life). Correct usage: Use "полнота" only for physical body descriptions. Error example: *Его полноценность была заметна* (wrong for corpulence); Correct: Его полнота была заметна.
• Overusing "ожирение" in non-medical contexts, which can sound overly formal or alarming. Error example: *Он имеет ожирение* in casual talk; Correct: Он имеет полноту or Он полноват.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "полнота" has historically been associated with wealth, health, and beauty, as seen in traditional folklore and literature (e.g., characters in fairy tales like Baba Yaga are often depicted as corpulent to symbolize abundance). However, modern influences from Western ideals have shifted perceptions, making "ожирение" a more stigmatized term in health discussions.

Related Concepts:

• диета (diet)
• фитнес (fitness)
• избыточный вес (excess weight)