Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Conviction'

English Word: Conviction

Key Russian Translations:

• убеждение [ʊbʲɪˈʐdʲenʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Commonly used for personal beliefs]
• осуждение [ɐsʊˈʐdʲenʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often used in legal contexts for a conviction in court]

Frequency: Medium (both terms are used regularly depending on context)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "убеждение"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "осуждение" due to legal context

Pronunciation (Russian):

убеждение: [ʊbʲɪˈʐdʲenʲɪjə]

Note on убеждение: Stress falls on the third syllable; the "ж" sound is a voiced fricative, similar to the 's' in 'measure'.

осуждение: [ɐsʊˈʐdʲenʲɪjə]

Note on осуждение: Stress on the third syllable; the initial "о" is reduced to a schwa sound in unstressed position.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Firm Belief or Opinion

Translation(s) & Context:

• убеждение - Used to express a strong personal belief or conviction (e.g., moral or ideological).

Usage Examples:

• У него есть твёрдое убеждение, что правда всегда побеждает.

  He has a firm conviction that truth always prevails.

• Её убеждения не позволяют ей лгать.

  Her convictions do not allow her to lie.

• Это убеждение разделяют многие люди.

  This conviction is shared by many people.

2. Legal Conviction (Judgment of Guilt)

Translation(s) & Context:

• осуждение - Refers to a formal conviction in a legal setting, often related to sentencing.

Usage Examples:

• Суд вынес осуждение по делу о краже.

  The court issued a conviction in the theft case.

• Осуждение было отменено после апелляции.

  The conviction was overturned after an appeal.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

убеждение (Noun, Neuter): Follows the second declension pattern for neuter nouns ending in -ие.

осуждение (Noun, Neuter): Similar declension pattern to "убеждение". Refer to a similar table structure if needed.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for убеждение:

• вера (faith, belief)
• мнение (opinion) - slightly less strong than убеждение

Synonyms for осуждение:

• приговор (sentence, verdict)

Antonyms for убеждение:

• сомнение (doubt)

Antonyms for осуждение:

• оправдание (acquittal)

Related Phrases:

• твёрдое убеждение - "firm conviction" (used to emphasize strong belief)
• осуждение общества - "social condemnation" (used for public or moral judgment)
• вынести осуждение - "to pass a conviction" (legal context)

Usage Notes:

• "убеждение" is generally used for personal or ideological beliefs and does not carry a legal connotation.
• "осуждение" is primarily legal or formal, referring to a court conviction or strong disapproval.
• Be cautious not to confuse the two in context; using "убеждение" in a legal setting would be incorrect.

Common Errors:

1. Mixing up "убеждение" and "осуждение": English learners often use "убеждение" when referring to a legal conviction. For example, saying "Суд вынес убеждение" is incorrect. The correct term is "осуждение".

2. Overusing "осуждение" for moral judgment: While it can mean "condemnation," it is more formal and often tied to legal outcomes. For informal disapproval, consider "порицание".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "убеждение" often carries a sense of deep personal integrity or moral stance, reflecting the historical emphasis on ideological commitment during Soviet times. "осуждение", on the other hand, might evoke associations with legal proceedings or societal judgment, often tied to strict norms.

Related Concepts:

• вера (faith)
• идеология (ideology)
• приговор (sentence)