Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'contravention'

English Word: contravention

Key Russian Translations:

• нарушение [nə.ruˈʃenʲɪje] - [Formal, Legal contexts]
• несоблюдение [nʲɪ.sə.blʲʉˈdʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, Emphasizing non-compliance]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, administrative, and formal discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of formal language and legal concepts, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нарушение: [nə.ruˈʃenʲɪje]

несоблюдение: [nʲɪ.sə.blʲʉˈdʲenʲɪje]

Note on нарушение: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ʃenʲ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'sh' sound represented by 'ш'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Violation of a law, rule, or agreement

Translation(s) & Context:

• нарушение - Used in formal or legal contexts to describe breaking rules or laws, such as traffic violations.
• несоблюдение - Applied when emphasizing failure to adhere to agreements or standards, often in contractual or regulatory settings.

Usage Examples:

• Это нарушение закона может привести к штрафу.

  This contravention of the law could result in a fine.

• Водитель был оштрафован за несоблюдение правил дорожного движения.

  The driver was fined for contravening traffic regulations.

• Нарушение контракта компанией привело к судебному разбиратству.

  The company's contravention of the contract led to a court case.

• Несоблюдение экологических норм часто вызывает протесты общественности.

  Non-compliance with environmental standards often sparks public protests.

• Любое нарушение правил поведения в школе наказывается.

  Any contravention of school behavior rules is punished.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "нарушение" and "несоблюдение" are neuter nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard neuter declension patterns. Russian nouns inflect for case, number, and gender. "Нарушение" is a third-declension noun and does not have irregularities, while "несоблюдение" follows similar patterns.

Note: These nouns do not change in the plural for all cases as per standard rules, making them relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • преступление (crime; more severe connotations, often implying criminal acts)
  • нарушения (general violations; can be used interchangeably in some contexts but is plural)
• Antonyms:
  • соблюдение (compliance; indicates adherence to rules)
  • выполнение (fulfillment; used for completing obligations)

Related Phrases:

• нарушение закона - Violation of the law; Used in legal discussions to refer to breaking statutes.
• несоблюдение договора - Breach of contract; Common in business contexts for failed agreements.
• нарушение правил - Infringement of rules; Applies to everyday regulations, like in sports or institutions.

Usage Notes:

"Нарушение" directly corresponds to "contravention" in formal English contexts, especially legal ones, and is preferred in written Russian for its precision. "Несоблюдение" is more specific to non-observance of agreements and may be chosen when emphasizing intent or obligation. Both are formal; avoid in casual speech. Grammatically, they must agree in case with surrounding words, e.g., use genitive for possession. When multiple translations exist, select based on context: use "нарушение" for general violations and "несоблюдение" for contractual ones.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "нарушение" with "преступление" and using it for minor infractions. Correct: "Преступление" implies a crime, while "нарушение" is for any rule-breaking. Example of error: Saying "Это преступление правил" instead of "Это нарушение правил". Explanation: This overstates severity; always assess the context to choose the right word.

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Correct: In a sentence like "Из-за нарушения" (Because of the contravention), use genitive form. Example of error: "Из-за нарушение". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, terms like "нарушение" carry significant weight due to the historical emphasis on state regulations during the Soviet era. For instance, minor contraventions could lead to administrative penalties, reflecting a broader cultural norm of strict rule-following in public life, which contrasts with more flexible approaches in some Western societies.

Related Concepts:

• закон (law)
• правила (rules)
• штраф (fine)
• судебный процесс (legal proceedings)