Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Congenital'

English Word: Congenital

Key Russian Translations:

• врожденный [vrɐˈʐdʲɵnːɨj] - [Formal, Commonly used in medical and general contexts]

Frequency: Medium (often used in medical, scientific, and formal discussions)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - requires understanding of formal and medical vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

врожденный: [vrɐˈʐdʲɵnːɨj]

Note on врожденный: Pay attention to the stress on the second syllable and the soft pronunciation of "д" before "ё".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Present from birth (Medical/Physical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• врожденный - Used to describe conditions, traits, or defects present at birth, often in medical or formal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• У ребенка врожденный порок сердца.

  The child has a congenital heart defect.

• Это врожденная особенность его организма.

  This is a congenital feature of his body.

• Врожденные заболевания могут быть наследственными.

  Congenital diseases can be hereditary.

• Его врожденная способность к музыке удивляет всех.

  His congenital talent for music amazes everyone.

• Врожденные дефекты часто диагностируются при рождении.

  Congenital defects are often diagnosed at birth.

2. Inherent or innate (Figurative context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• врожденный - Used metaphorically to describe inherent qualities or traits, often in a positive or neutral sense.

Usage Examples:

• У нее врожденное чувство стиля.

  She has a congenital sense of style.

• Его врожденная доброта трогает всех.

  His congenital kindness touches everyone.

• Это врожденная черта его характера.

  This is a congenital trait of his character.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

врожденный is an adjective. It follows the standard Russian adjective declension rules based on gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for врожденный:

• природный (natural, often used for inherent traits)
• innate (внутренний, less common in medical contexts)

Antonyms for врожденный:

• приобретенный (acquired, used for traits or conditions developed after birth)

Related Phrases:

• врожденный дефект - Congenital defect (commonly used in medical contexts)
• врожденная способность - Congenital ability (used for innate talents or skills)
• врожденное заболевание - Congenital disease (used in medical discussions)

Usage Notes:

• The Russian term врожденный directly corresponds to "congenital" in medical and formal contexts, referring to conditions or traits present from birth.
• It can also be used metaphorically to describe inherent or innate qualities, similar to "innate" in English, though this usage is less frequent.
• Ensure agreement in gender, number, and case when using врожденный as it is an adjective that must match the noun it modifies.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using природный instead of врожденный in medical contexts. Wrong: У него природный порок сердца. Correct: У него врожденный порок сердца. (Explanation: природный refers to something natural in a general sense, not specifically congenital.)
• Error: Failing to adjust врожденный for gender or case agreement. Wrong: У нее врожденный способность. Correct: У нее врожденная способность. (Explanation: The adjective must agree with the feminine noun способность.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, discussions of congenital conditions or traits (врожденный) are often approached with a clinical or factual tone, especially in medical contexts. However, when used metaphorically to describe talents or qualities, it may carry a tone of admiration or uniqueness, reflecting a cultural appreciation for innate gifts.

Related Concepts:

• наследственный (hereditary)
• приобретенный (acquired)
• врожденный дефект (congenital defect)