Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Complete'

English Word: complete

Key Russian Translations:

• полный [ˈpolnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal/Informal]
• завершённый [zəvʲɪrˈʂonɨj] - [Adjective, Formal]
• закончить [zəˈkonʧʲɪtʲ] - [Verb, Informal/Formal]

Frequency: High (especially "полный" and "закончить")

Difficulty: A2-B1 (Beginner to Intermediate; "полный" - A2, "завершённый" - B1, "закончить" - A2)

Pronunciation (Russian):

полный: [ˈpolnɨj]

Note on полный: Stress is on the first syllable. The "ы" sound is a unique Russian vowel, pronounced as a short, unrounded central vowel.

завершённый: [zəvʲɪrˈʂonɨj]

Note on завершённый: Stress on the third syllable. The "ё" is always stressed and sounds like "yo".

закончить: [zəˈkonʧʲɪtʲ]

Note on закончить: Stress on the second syllable. The soft "ч" requires a slight palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. As an Adjective (Entire, Whole)

Translation(s) & Context:

• полный - Used to describe something whole or full, often in a literal or figurative sense (e.g., a full set, complete silence).

Usage Examples:

• У меня есть полный комплект инструментов.

  I have a complete set of tools.

• В комнате была полная тишина.

  There was complete silence in the room.

• Это полная версия книги.

  This is the complete version of the book.

2. As an Adjective (Finished, Concluded)

Translation(s) & Context:

• завершённый - Used for something that has been finished or concluded, often in formal contexts (e.g., a completed project).

Usage Examples:

• Проект был завершённый в срок.

  The project was completed on time.

• Это завершённый этап работы.

  This is a completed stage of work.

3. As a Verb (To Finish, To End)

Translation(s) & Context:

• закончить - Used as a verb to indicate finishing or concluding an action (e.g., to complete a task).

Usage Examples:

• Я должен закончить работу к вечеру.

  I need to complete the work by evening.

• Она закончила писать письмо.

  She completed writing the letter.

• Мы закончили обсуждение.

  We completed the discussion.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

полный (Adjective): Declines according to gender, number, and case. Below is the nominative case table:

Gender/Number	Form
Masculine Singular	полный
Feminine Singular	полная
Neuter Singular	полное
Plural	полные

завершённый (Adjective): Similar declension pattern as "полный".

закончить (Verb): A perfective verb of the second conjugation. Below is the present tense (though rare as it’s perfective) and past tense:

Person	Past (Masculine/Feminine/Neuter/Plural)
I/We/You/They	закончил / закончила / закончило / закончили

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for полный:

• цельный (whole, integral) - More literal, often for physical objects.
• совершенный (perfect) - Used in more abstract or ideal contexts.

Synonyms for закончить:

• завершить (to finalize) - More formal.
• окончить (to finish) - Often used for education or formal events.

Antonyms for полный:

• частичный (partial)
• неполный (incomplete)

Related Phrases:

• полный вперёд - "Full speed ahead" (used literally or figuratively for maximum effort).
• закончить дело - "To complete a task" (common expression for finishing work).
• завершённый цикл - "Completed cycle" (used in formal or technical contexts).

Usage Notes:

• "полный" is the most versatile and commonly used translation for "complete" as an adjective, applicable in both formal and informal contexts.
• "завершённый" is more formal and often used in written or professional contexts to imply something finalized.
• "закончить" is a perfective verb, meaning it indicates a completed action. For ongoing actions, use its imperfective counterpart "заканчивать".

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "закончить" in present tense to describe an ongoing action. Incorrect: *Я закончить работу.* Correct: Я заканчиваю работу (I am completing the work).

Error 2: Confusing "полный" with "совершенный". While both can mean "complete", "совершенный" often implies perfection and is not suitable for everyday contexts like "complete set".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of "completeness" (as in "полный") often carries a sense of thoroughness or totality, which might be emphasized more than in English. For instance, saying "полная тишина" (complete silence) can imply an almost oppressive or profound quietness.

Related Concepts:

• совершенство (perfection)
• завершение (completion)
• окончание (ending)