Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Commune'

English Word: commune

Key Russian Translations:

• коммуна [kɐˈmunə] - [Formal, Often used in historical or political contexts]
• община [ɐpˈɕːinə] - [Neutral, Often refers to a community or group]

Frequency: Medium (used in specific contexts like history or sociology)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

коммуна: [kɐˈmunə]

Note on коммуна: Stress falls on the second syllable. The 'у' is pronounced as a short 'u' sound.

община: [ɐpˈɕːinə]

Note on община: Stress on the second syllable. The 'щ' sound is a soft 'shch' unique to Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A group of people living together sharing resources (historical/political context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• коммуна - Typically used to describe a communal living arrangement, often tied to Soviet history or socialist ideals.

Usage Examples:

• В Советском Союзе коммуны были популярны в 1920-х годах.

  In the Soviet Union, communes were popular in the 1920s.

• Эта коммуна была основана на принципах равенства.

  This commune was founded on principles of equality.

• Жить в коммуне означало делить всё общее.

  Living in a commune meant sharing everything in common.

2. A community or group with shared interests (general context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• община - Refers to a community, often with cultural, religious, or social ties.

Usage Examples:

• Еврейская община в этом городе очень активна.

  The Jewish community in this city is very active.

• Община собралась, чтобы обсудить будущее деревни.

  The community gathered to discuss the future of the village.

• Эта община поддерживает традиции предков.

  This community preserves the traditions of their ancestors.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

коммуна (feminine noun): Follows the first declension pattern in Russian.

община (feminine noun): Also follows the first declension pattern.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for коммуна:

• коллектив
• артель (historical)

Note: "артель" is an older term, often used in pre-Soviet contexts for cooperative groups.

Synonyms for община:

• сообщество
• группа

Antonyms: None directly applicable, as the concept is inherently collective.

Related Phrases:

• жить в коммуне - "to live in a commune" (historical shared living arrangement)
• сельская община - "rural community" (a traditional village community in Russia)
• религиозная община - "religious community" (a group united by faith)

Usage Notes:

• "коммуна" is more specific to ideological or historical communal living, especially tied to Soviet-era experiments. It is less common in modern everyday speech.
• "община" is broader and can refer to any community, often with cultural or social connotations. It is more frequently used today.
• Choose "коммуна" for political or historical discussions and "община" for general community contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "коммуна" to describe a modern community or group. Incorrect: "Эта коммуна помогает бездомным" (This commune helps the homeless). Correct: "Эта община помогает бездомным".
• Error: Mispronouncing "община" by stressing the first syllable. Stress should be on "щи".

Cultural Notes:

The term "коммуна" carries strong associations with Soviet history, particularly the early 20th-century attempts to create utopian communal living spaces. On the other hand, "община" reflects a deep-rooted Russian concept of community, often tied to rural life and traditional values, such as the "mir" (a historical peasant community).

Related Concepts:

• колхоз (collective farm)
• совхоз (state farm)
• деревня (village)