Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'coeval'

English Word: coeval

Key Russian Translations:

• Одновременный (/ɐdnəvrʲemʲɪnnyj/) - [Formal, Adjective, Used in academic or historical contexts]
• Современный (/səvremʲɪnnɨj/) - [Formal/Informal, Adjective, Commonly used in everyday discussions about history or culture]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations are encountered in literature, history, and formal writing, but not in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections, as per CEFR standards. For 'одновременный', it may be slightly more challenging due to less common usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Одновременный: /ɐdnəvrʲemʲɪnnyj/

Современный: /səvremʲɪnnɨj/

Note on Одновременный: The stress falls on the third syllable ('vrʲemʲ'), which can be tricky for learners due to the consonant cluster; pronounce it with a soft 'r' sound.

Note on Современный: Stress is on the second syllable ('vremʲ'), and the 'ы' sound is a distinct Russian vowel that doesn't directly map to English sounds.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Existing at the same time or having the same origin (e.g., in historical or scientific contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Одновременный - Used in formal descriptions of events or objects that occur simultaneously, such as in scientific reports or historical analyses.
• Современный - Applied in broader contexts, like describing cultural or artistic elements that are contemporary to a given period.

Usage Examples:

• Эти два события были одновременными в истории человечества.

  These two events were coeval in human history.

• Динозавры и первые млекопитающие были современными друг другу.

  Dinosaurs and the first mammals were coeval with each other.

• В этом музее выставлены одновременные артефакты из разных цивилизаций.

  In this museum, coeval artifacts from different civilizations are exhibited.

• Современные технологии часто развиваются одновременно с социальными изменениями.

  Contemporary technologies often develop coeval with social changes.

• Эти древние руины современны с пирамидами Египта.

  These ancient ruins are coeval with the pyramids of Egypt.

Meaning 2: Of the same age or period (e.g., in biographical or personal contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Одновременный - Less common in personal contexts, but used for precise historical alignments.
• Современный - More versatile, often in discussions about people or eras that overlap.

Usage Examples:

• Лев Толстой и Чехов были одновременными писателями в России.

  Leo Tolstoy and Chekhov were coeval writers in Russia.

• Мои дед и бабушка современны друг другу по возрасту.

  My grandfather and grandmother are coeval in age.

• В этой биографии подчеркивается, что авторы были одновременными фигурами в литературе.

  In this biography, it is emphasized that the authors were coeval figures in literature.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'Одновременный' and 'Современный' are adjectives in Russian, which follow standard adjectival inflections. Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. They have full declension patterns, which can be regular or irregular based on the root.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular inflections but must change based on the noun's attributes. For unchangeable forms in certain contexts (e.g., in fixed phrases), they remain in their base form.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Симультанный (more technical, often in scientific contexts)
  • Параллельный (emphasizing parallel existence)
• Antonyms:
  • Предыдущий (previous)
  • Последующий (subsequent)

Brief note: 'Симультанный' is a direct borrowing and may feel more formal, while 'Параллельный' highlights simultaneity in processes.

Related Phrases:

• Одновременное развитие - Simultaneous development (Refers to events or processes happening at the same time, often in evolutionary contexts.)
• Современная история - Contemporary history (Used for the study of recent or coeval events in historical narratives.)
• Быть современным событиям - To be coeval with events (A phrase indicating alignment with ongoing occurrences.)

Usage Notes:

In English, 'coeval' is a formal adjective often used in academic or literary contexts to denote simultaneity or shared origins. In Russian, 'одновременный' is more precise for exact timing, while 'современный' can imply a broader cultural or temporal overlap. Choose 'одновременный' for scientific or historical precision, and 'современный' for everyday or artistic discussions. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: always inflect the adjective to match the noun's gender, number, and case. For example, in phrases like "coeval civilizations," use 'одновременные цивилизации' in plural nominative.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'одновременный' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "одновременный женщина" instead of "одновременная женщина" (for a feminine noun).
  Correct: Ensure agreement, as in "одновременная эпоха." Explanation: Russian adjectives must always agree with their nouns, unlike English adjectives which remain unchanged.
• Mistake: Confusing 'современный' with 'modern' in the sense of 'up-to-date,' leading to misuse in historical contexts, e.g., translating "coeval artifacts" as "современные артефакты" when it implies current, not historical.
  Correct: Use 'одновременный' for historical coevality. Explanation: 'Современный' can mean 'modern' as in innovative, so context is key to avoid ambiguity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'современный' often tie into historical narratives, such as the Silver Age of Russian literature, where writers like Blok and Bely were coeval and influenced each other. This reflects Russia's emphasis on interconnected historical events, helping learners appreciate how language mirrors cultural continuity and change.

Related Concepts:

• Эпоха (era)
• Период (period)
• Хронология (chronology)