Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Coarse'

English Word: coarse

Key Russian Translations:

• грубый [ˈɡrubɨj] - [Informal, General Use]
• грубозернистый [ˌɡrubəzʲɪrˈnʲistɨj] - [Technical, Often for Texture]
• неотёсанный [nʲɪɐˈtʲosənːɨj] - [Figurative, Informal, Often for Behavior]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in specific contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "грубый"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "грубозернистый" and "неотёсанный"

Pronunciation (Russian):

грубый: [ˈɡrubɨj]

Note on грубый: Stress on the first syllable; the 'ы' sound is a unique Russian vowel, pronounced as a short, unrounded 'i'.

грубозернистый: [ˌɡrubəzʲɪrˈnʲistɨj]

Note on грубозернистый: Stress on the fourth syllable; a compound word with softened consonants.

неотёсанный: [nʲɪɐˈtʲosənːɨj]

Note on неотёсанный: Stress on the second syllable; note the doubled 'н' for emphasis in pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Rough in Texture or Material (Physical Sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• грубый - Used for rough cloth, skin, or surfaces in everyday contexts.
• грубозернистый - More technical, often used for sand, grains, or materials.

Usage Examples:

• Эта ткань очень грубая на ощупь.

  This fabric feels very coarse to the touch.

• Грубозернистый песок используется для строительства.

  Coarse-grained sand is used for construction.

• Его кожа стала грубой от работы на улице.

  His skin became coarse from working outdoors.

2. Rude or Unrefined (Behavioral Sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• грубый - Commonly used for rude speech or behavior.
• неотёсанный - Figurative, implies a lack of polish or manners, often derogatory.

Usage Examples:

• Он был груб с официантом, что всех смутило.

  He was coarse with the waiter, which embarrassed everyone.

• Его неотёсанные манеры отталкивают людей.

  His coarse manners repel people.

• Не будь таким грубым, говори мягче.

  Don't be so coarse, speak more gently.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

грубый (Adjective): Declines according to gender, number, and case.

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	грубый	грубая	грубое	грубые
Genitive	грубого	грубой	грубого	грубых

грубозернистый (Adjective): Follows similar declension patterns as "грубый".

неотёсанный (Adjective): Also declines like "грубый", but less commonly used in plural forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for грубый (Behavioral Sense):

• невежливый (impolite)
• хамский (boorish)

Note: "хамский" is stronger and more derogatory than "грубый".

Antonyms for грубый (Behavioral Sense):

• вежливый (polite)
• деликатный (delicate)

Related Phrases:

• грубый тон (coarse tone) - Refers to a harsh or rude way of speaking.
• грубая ошибка (coarse mistake) - A significant or obvious error.
• неотёсанный мужик (coarse guy) - A derogatory term for an unrefined man.

Usage Notes:

• "Грубый" is the most versatile translation for "coarse", applicable to both physical roughness and rude behavior. Choose it for general contexts.
• "Грубозернистый" is strictly technical and should be used only when describing textures like sand or materials.
• "Неотёсанный" is figurative and often carries a negative connotation, best used to describe unpolished behavior or personality.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "грубозернистый" to describe behavior. This is incorrect as it only applies to physical textures.

Incorrect: Он был грубозернистый с друзьями. (He was coarse-grained with friends.)

Correct: Он был грубый с друзьями. (He was coarse with friends.)

Error 2: Misusing "неотёсанный" in formal contexts. It is informal and derogatory.

Incorrect: Уважаемый коллега кажется неотёсанным. (The respected colleague seems coarse.)

Correct: Уважаемый коллега кажется грубым. (The respected colleague seems coarse.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, directness in speech can sometimes be perceived as "грубый" (coarse) by non-native speakers, but it is often just a cultural norm of straightforward communication. Understanding the context and tone is key to interpreting or using this word correctly.

Related Concepts:

• невежливость (rudeness)
• шероховатость (roughness)
• простота (simplicity, often linked to unrefined behavior)